Judith Wright Essay - 1246 Words

Judith Wright is a prominent figure in Australian literature, as well as an environmentalist and social activist. This plays a major role in her various collections of poems, where she explores both national and personal concerns. These include her fight for Aboriginal land rights, as well as personal experiences such as pregnancy and motherhood. Through her poetry, Wright is able to give voice to the interest of social groups who are often denied one. Wright’s poem â€Å"Woman to Child† primarily focuses on very personal matters. An intense lyric style is used to convey the process of childbirth and her view on motherhood. These concerns are represented through techniques such as persona, figurative language, structure and rhythm. The use†¦show more content†¦She has created an offspring that means the world to her and this has been a wonderful experience. The repetition of ‘I am’ and the use of metaphor emphasise the feelings of joy. Rhythm and sound techniques also contribute to the overall effect of this lyric poem. The iambic tetrameter, and regular rhythm, symbolise a steady pulse or heartbeat. The process of creating new life is conveyed more effectively. Sound techniques also play an important role in highlighting childbirth. Sibilance used in â€Å"you shall escape and not escape†, slows down the rhythm and emphasises the slow process of birth. With the use of various techniques, Wright expresses the pleasant and wonderful processes of pregnancy and childbirth that women are able to experience. This is a quite different view of the supposedly long and laborious process. One critique remarked: â€Å"Judith Wrights success in translating human existence into poetry has resulted in a rich creation of exuberant expression and sincerity.† (Ravenscroft, 2008) Unlike many other texts in the forties to fifties dominated by public and social issues, â€Å"Woman to Child† has a very private subject matte r. Wright lived in a time where women were denied a voice in society with the onset of third wave feminism approaching in the sixties. She was one of the first writers to express her femininity, and her personal concerns were clearly developed in thisShow MoreRelatedJudith Wright Poetry Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesJudith Wright Essay How does Judith Wright use particular technical features to explore ideas and emotions? Judith Wright is one of the greatest poets that Australia has ever produced. Most of her poems are based on social issues. Throughout her poetry Wright uses various techniques that explore different ideas and emotions. This can then be easily deciphered by the reader, allows them to bond to the meaning of the poem. Wright’s poetry covered emotions and ideas through the use of technical featuresRead MoreEssay on Legend by Judith Wright752 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics of the human condition can you identify in Judith Wright’s Legend? How has the poet used specific language techniques to emphasise these attributes of life. Judith Wright’s ‘Legend’ responds to various aspects of the human condition present in our society today. The poem is focused primarily on the actions of a Blacksmith’s boy, a vassal for humanity’s growth in response to age and change. In stanza one, Judith Wright utilizes personification â€Å"rivers hindered him† and â€Å"thorn branchesRead MoreEssay about The Poetry of Judith Wright1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poetry of Judith Wright Abstract This report discusses the influences of Australia as well as the universal impact on the poetry of Judith Wright. It contains an evaluation of both the techniques and the plot behind the poems Remittance Man, South of My Days and Eve to her Daughters as well as a comparison between the three poems. Australia, as Wright ¡Ã‚ ¦s homeland, has had a significant effect on the content of her poems but references to English scenes are also consistent as wellRead More Analysis of Woman to Man by Judith Wright Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Woman to Man by Judith Wright  Ã‚   I was slightly confused when I read this poem at first, but it became apparent from the rich metaphors, that it was about the sexual relation between the woman and man. It is also about conception - or rather the potential of creating a child from this sexual act - told from the womans point of view. Judith Wright was very bold in writing such a poem since it was published in 1949, when such issues werent discussed in the public, but as a well-regardedRead MoreEssay about Environmental themes in the Poem Dust by Judith Wright1244 Words   |  5 PagesDust, written by Judith Wright, discusses the concepts of a destroyed, empty world and a mother reflecting on the days when the â€Å"Earth was kinder†. Through her poem she shows the audience her fears for the world and how the world will become barren and â€Å"sick† if the environment is not cared for. This is typical of Judith Wright, with environmental themes central to many of her poems. The emotive responses that are evoked while reading this poem are extremely strong. A great sadness is experiencedRead MoreHow Has the Poetry of Judith Wright Encapsulated the Australian Experience? Refer to 3 Poems in Your Response?1277 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish essay practice How has the poetry of Judith Wright Encapsulated the Australian experience? Refer to 3 poems in your response? Intro help is at this website http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Judith-Wright/149895 Structure * Reiterate the question-give you thesis * Definition of the Australian Experience * Overview of all things you will discuss/introduce poems * (summary of paragraphs) Paragraphs for each poem * Present one aspect of the Australian experience conveyedRead MoreJudith Wright Poetry Essay.Doc807 Words   |  4 PagesJudith Wright Poetry Essay: All great poets evoke emotional and intellectual responses from their readers. Judith Wright is one such poet as she uses a wide range of appropriate language and poetic techniques to challenge the responder with complex ideas, such as the inherent flaws in our nature and the folly of chasing total perfection in Eve to her Daughters, challenging the individual to question their role in a post-Edan world. The idea of finding our individual place in the world is againRead MoreJudith Wright1249 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish essay: Judith Wright Judith Wright, born in the country town of Armidale, but grew to become one of the most influential modern thinkers through her poetry. Wright writes poems that expand further than just love, she wrote poems expressing the issues that deal with the spiritual and cultural fracture. Her views of the disintegrating culture and the physical environment surrounding her world are portrayed through the various techniques. These elements of techniques are such as Wright’sRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1655 Words   |  7 PagesMore, Judith Rich Harris argues that parents have absolutely no say in what kind of children they raise. She claims that after the parents contribute an egg or sperm filled with DNA, their job of creating a child is complete. Her book is backed by some 750 references, but most of her conclusions come from the observation of her own two daughters; one her own and one adopted (Begley, p. 53). Parents, however, do play an important role in childhood development. For the purposes of this essay, herRead MoreHow The American Revolution Affected Women1155 Words   |  5 Pageshave no voice, or Representation. Regard us then as Beings placed by providence under your protection and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness† (Maclean 1). In 1779 Judith Sargent Murray penned a systematic expression of feminist position. Her essay, ON THE EQUALITY OF THE SEXES, challenged the common misconception that males were more intelligent than females. The boycott of British goods during the Revolution partially owed its success to the dedication

Willy Loman Died a Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a...

Willy Loman Died a Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman In his early sixties he knows his business as well as he ever did. But the unsubstantial things have become decisive; the spring has gone from his step, the smile from his face and the heartiness from his personality. He is through. The phantom of his life has caught up with him. As literally as Mr. Miller can say it, dust turns to dust. Suddenly, there is nothing (Internet 1). The New York Times has expressed the tragedy in the ‘Death of a Salesman’ with no inaccuracy. The phantom of his life has been the American Dream that he has longed for and has not successfully achieved. Willy has terminated his life as an act of cowardice because of the failure of his†¦show more content†¦Too much of his amazement they did. They didn’t become the men of business that Willy Loman desired but they became liars and thieves like Willy had unconsciously taught them. Stealing encompassed Biff’s life due to negative paternal influences. During one of Willy’ s flashbacks he told Biff and Happy to steal lumber and congratulated them on the quantity that they acquired. Habitual thefts because of Willy’s influence led to Biff’s desolation and ultimately led Biff into jail (Internet 2). The rest of the Loman family was not aware of Biff’s habits until the end of the play. Biff had lied and told his family that he was working on a farm. He lied just as his father did. Biff also was supposed to make a business proposition and when it failed he stole a fountain pen from the man to acquire peace within himself. Not only did Biff take after his father but Happy lied about his job also. Happy claimed to be a man of business when in reality he was not. Although Willy did not realize the failure of his fatherhood in this perspective, he did struggle with many other failures as a father throughout the play. Willy Loman realized that it was his influence on why Biff did not become a man of business. Willy encouraged Biff to cheat off Bernard on a math final. When Biff was caught and had the privilege to take the class over, Biff caught his father with another woman. Biff was devastated. Willy blamed himself for Biff’s failure throughout the play, which wasShow MoreRelated Willy Lomans Lack of Morality in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1021 Words   |  5 PagesWilly Lomans Lack of Morality in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, a major theme and source of conflict is the Loman familys lack of morality.   This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman.   Willy has created a world of questionable morality for himself and his family.   In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that have what it takes to make it in the competitive world of business.   In reality, Willy’s son BiffRead More Comparison of Madness and Sanity in Hamlet and Death of a Salesman1338 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Madness and Sanity in Hamlet and Death of a Salesman Could anyone really determine whether or not a person is mad or sane? In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman each of their two main characters, Hamlet and Wily Loman, are put up to this question, but in each situation their so-called madness differs in the cause of them. The ways in which their madness affects their lives is proven by three actions. These actions are neglecting their

Encyclopedia of Dating Customs and Wedding †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Encyclopedia of Dating Customs and Wedding. Answer: Introduction Every person plans a wedding that can be remembered for the rest of their life and stands out as the most memorable day in their entire life. The wedding is associated with traditions and emotions, and hence people try and give out their best when they look forward to marriage (Monger, 2013). Though the idea of the wedding is age-old, it is seen that many new ideas have been incorporated into the process to make it stand out from the traditional wedding practices. However, the new elements have been included but, the usual features remain constant and play a major part in the entire wedding process. The report will focus on the new items in the wedding along with the traditional practices that are yet prevalent. New aspects of the modern wedding The modern wedding is recorded with plenty of new incorporations that thrive to make the marriage exceptional and grand in its appearance. The idea of Event management and event design in the wedding has had a far-reaching impact in creating the wedding modern in its approach. New ideas are being created into the traditional process, and this amalgamation makes the event further exciting in the modern times. Some of the elements that are involved in the new wedding are- Destination wedding- The bride and grooms these days aspire to wed in an entirely new location and away from their home location. The event designing team plans for a wedding that is away from the situation of the families and the entire process of the marriage takes place on that particular location. The families travel to the spot along with the guests, and the whole arrangement is made on that new location (Durinec, 2013). That brings an air of freshness, and the idea of travelling for the wedding is such an aspect that tempts the bride and groom. This is an innovation in the wedding industry as it has lead to making the event more enjoyable and engrossing for the entire guest list. The guests are involved just like the family, and hence every person included in the process enjoys and earns memories for life. Removal of Patriarchal concepts- The entire process of a father giving away his daughter to man as if he owned her and is willfully passing away the ownership to her husband is a highly patriarchal idea. The concept has been developed, and these days the process is full of love, and it is evident that the girl is not owned by anyone and she is an individual character of her own. The bride came in under the veil so that the groom could not see the face unless it was the time to kiss the bride. Such assumptions have been reduced, and the contexts of such rituals have completely changed (Alam, 2014). The bride equally enjoys the wedding and dances and drinks to have fun on the day of the wedding, and no societal pressure or judgment is imposed on the bride at early times. Entertainment- The idea of incorporating Disc Jockey for playing music and making the people dance is unique and new. The entertainment quotients in the modern weddings have been turned high, and the guests are made to enjoy every moment of the wedding. Previously people were concerned more with the wedding being taken well but this has changed with time and entertainment has turned into a big priority for the organizers (Sari et al., 2014). Pre-wedding shoots- The new idea of making a video and photograph album of the couple announcing their marriage in a romantic style gives the wedding a much needed creative side. "Save the date" videos are made as the couple gives out the date of their wedding through that video and it remains with them forever showcasing their love for each other (Napompech, 2014). Traditional practices The age-old traditional practices that are yet relevant to the wedding ceremony and people give importance to them as much as the new incorporation. The tradition of wearing a white dress in the wedding is age-old, and it is yet maintained. The bride wears the white dress, and it produces the effect of a fairy tale scene at the wedding as the dresses are of fairy and princess design. The engagement ring contains diamond in it, and this is a tradition that is practised for a long time and has its relevance and usage even today. The diamond reflects the precious bond that is created during the engagement, and it also showcases the glitter the couple may have in their conjugal life from then after (Francis?Tan Mialon, 2015). The bride and groom leave in a car after the wedding is over and it has "just married" written on it. This practice of the couple leaving the place together after the marriage is over is age-old and has been yet kept in the process. The cars that are hired for the couple to leave the wedding location are according to the theme of the wedding. Mostly, as it is an age-old practice, the vintage cars are selected by people so that it lends an air of royalty to the entire wedding. Conclusion To conclude, wedding days are one of the most memorable days for people involved in the process. The traditional practices are not completely waived off, and new elements are being added to it to make it glamorous and engrossing. The emotions and values of the people are saved with such practices, and hence it makes sure that the essence of a wedding never fades. The modern-day marriage is much about glory and glamour, and it is the traditional customs that keep the spirit of the wedding alive. It is to be regarded that people these days are inclined towards the grandeur of the event, and while doing so the essence of it gets somewhere vanished if the traditional practices are not matched up with them. Reference Alam, F. (2014). Inside the Wedding: A Critical Study of Relationships in The God of Small Things and Brick Lane.BANGLADESH RESEARCH FOUNDATION, 158. Retrieved from: https://www.researchfoundbd.org/images/Vol.3-No.2-2014.pdf#page=171 Durinec, N. (2013). Destination weddings in the Mediterranean.Hospitality and Tourism Management-2013, 1. Retrieved from: https://tiikm.com/publication/ICOHT-2013-proceeding-book.pdf#page=12 Francis?Tan, A., Mialon, H. M. (2015). A Diamond Is Forever And Other Fairy Tales: The Relationship Between Wedding Expenses And Marriage Duration.Economic Inquiry,53(4), 1919-1930. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e1c8/373b9d170fa5066451b9d60f08e41091c3b3.pdf Monger, G. (2013).Marriage Customs of the World: An Encyclopedia of Dating Customs and Wedding Traditions, [2 Volumes]. Abc-clio. ISBN 1598846647, 9781598846645 Napompech, K. (2014). Attributes In?uencing Wedding Studio Choice.Journal of Applied Sciences,14(21), 2685-2694. Retrieved from: https://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/jas/0000/65343-65343.pdf Sari, D., Ozkurt, N., Hamamci, S. F., Ece, M., Yalcindag, N., Akdag, A., Akdag, Y. (2014, October). Assessment of noise pollution sourced from entertainment places in Antalya, Turkey. InINTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings(Vol. 249, No. 7, pp. 1072-1077). Institute of Noise Control Engineering. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nesimi_Ozkurt/publication/280223778_Assessment_of_noise_pollution_sourced_from_entertainment_places_in_Antalya_Turkey/links/55adfd5008aed9b7dcdb0878/Assessment-of-noise-pollution-sourced-from-entertainment-places-in-Antalya-Turkey.pdf

Porters Five Forces Model for Cosmetics Industry Analysis Example

Cosmetic retail is quite developed industry. However, every industry has its peculiarities, which are sometimes hard to understand. Thus, in order to better understand the context in which this or that the company operates, it is crucial to use Michael Porter’s Five-Forces Model.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Porter’s Five Forces Model for Cosmetics Industry Analysis Example specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As stated by Berger, this framework â€Å"considers the five competitive forces that influence a business success or failure† (10). Each of the forces has variables. Five variables have been chosen for each force and rated on a scale of 1 to 5 according to their importance for the cosmetic industry. Rivalry among competing firms Number of competing firms Product differences Fixed costs/Value added Industry growth Switching costs According to David, it is â€Å"the most powerful of the five forces† (75). Thus, the number of competing firms matters a lot. The difference of cosmetic is wide, so there is an opportunity for rivals to sell different products. The industry growth influences the development of competition. If fixed costs are high and switching costs are low, they increase the rivalry in the industry. Potential Entry of New Competitors Barriers to entry (rights) Economies of scale Capital requirements Brand equity Switching costs If there are no considerable barriers to enter, there may be many new entrants (Berger, 11). For the cosmetic industry, the most important barriers are the exclusive rights and economies of scale. However, this industry has large capital requirements since the differentiation of products that are sold in it. Moreover, cosmetic retail is more widespread as chain stores or exclusive brand retailers, which also make up chains. Potential Development of Substitute Products Ease of substitution Buyer inclination to substitute Buyer switching costs Relative price performance of substitute Quality depreciation For the cosmetic industry the crucial issue is the way for buyers to substitute and their willing to do this. For the retailers it is better to sell unique products, for example to sell one cosmetic brand. The less valuable is the change of quality, due to the fact that retailer cannot influence the quality of products they sell. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Supplier concentration to firm concentration ratio Strength of distribution channel Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Switching costs of firms in the industry Differentiation of inputs Suppliers tend to have very little power in the retail industry. However, for the cosmetics the exclusive suppliers matter a lot and influence the market. They can make retailers have large inputs on the scale of orders. If the supplier is exclusive, the switching costs are very high. As for the cosmetic retail – the inputs are slightly differ entiated, so this variable is less crucial. Bargaining Power of Consumers Buyer information Substitutes available Brand identity Buyer volume Price sensitivity As for cosmetics retail, â€Å"buyers are fragmented – no buyer has any particular influence on the product or price† (Porter’s Five Forces:A Model For Industry Analysis, para. 18). Still, buyer has to be provided with the information and has a choice of substitutes. Some buyers tend to choose only one brand. Buyer volume and price sensitivity are less important because cosmetic is what people tend to buy all the time, and prices do not react on the slightest changes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Berger, Alexander. Contemporary Development in Business and Management: Beiersdorf. Pakistan: GRIN Verlag, 2011. David, Fred R. Strategic management: concepts and cases. 13th ed. New Jers ey: Prentice Hall, 2011. â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces: A Model for Industry Analysis.† QuickMBA. n.d. 3 Nov. 2011. http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml. This essay on Porter's Five Forces Model for Cosmetics Industry was written and submitted by user Janae Leach to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Newspaper War

The Newspaper War When the Battle Ship U.S.S. Maine suddenly exploded in Havana Cuba, Americans cried out for war, as with Pearl Harbor and the Alamo, solders went of to war with the battle cry â€Å"remember the Maine†. But unlike other wars this one was not declared by congress, it was the citizens of American who push their country to war with Spain. It was not warmongering on behalf of The American public that caused them to demand war on their European neighbor. Two newsmen and the American Media made the decision for them. At the end of the nineteenth century, the phenomenon of yellow journalism hit American newsstands. Bolstered by a rise in the literacy rate, Thousands of newspapers sprang up around the country. Advertising firms wanted there ads to be seen by as many consumers as possible, and consequently would only want to advertise in a paper with a large circulation. Since the most of revenue newspaper makes comes form selling ads, the 3ability of a paper to survive financially relied heavily on it ability to sell. . Because of their abundance, a fierce competition arose, the major newspapers fought to out sell each other As a result scruples, morels and journalistic integrity where often put aside, is was not uncommon for a report to the editors opinion rather then objective journalism. In order to sell papers editors constantly put out exaggerated and sensational articles. Yellow journalism was so prevalent that even respectable writer of the time where not above it. A good example would be the venerated American author Samuel Clemens, who in his early carrier wrote for a newspaper in the Midwest. Where he reported on the amazing archeological find of a petrified, Stone Age giant. But when it was discovered to be only a concrete statue that he had buried in a field. Samuel Clemens had to flee town and change his name to Mark Twain. Mark Twain was only an armature when it came to sensationalistic headlines. New Yor... Free Essays on The Newspaper War Free Essays on The Newspaper War The Newspaper War When the Battle Ship U.S.S. Maine suddenly exploded in Havana Cuba, Americans cried out for war, as with Pearl Harbor and the Alamo, solders went of to war with the battle cry â€Å"remember the Maine†. But unlike other wars this one was not declared by congress, it was the citizens of American who push their country to war with Spain. It was not warmongering on behalf of The American public that caused them to demand war on their European neighbor. Two newsmen and the American Media made the decision for them. At the end of the nineteenth century, the phenomenon of yellow journalism hit American newsstands. Bolstered by a rise in the literacy rate, Thousands of newspapers sprang up around the country. Advertising firms wanted there ads to be seen by as many consumers as possible, and consequently would only want to advertise in a paper with a large circulation. Since the most of revenue newspaper makes comes form selling ads, the 3ability of a paper to survive financially relied heavily on it ability to sell. . Because of their abundance, a fierce competition arose, the major newspapers fought to out sell each other As a result scruples, morels and journalistic integrity where often put aside, is was not uncommon for a report to the editors opinion rather then objective journalism. In order to sell papers editors constantly put out exaggerated and sensational articles. Yellow journalism was so prevalent that even respectable writer of the time where not above it. A good example would be the venerated American author Samuel Clemens, who in his early carrier wrote for a newspaper in the Midwest. Where he reported on the amazing archeological find of a petrified, Stone Age giant. But when it was discovered to be only a concrete statue that he had buried in a field. Samuel Clemens had to flee town and change his name to Mark Twain. Mark Twain was only an armature when it came to sensationalistic headlines. New Yor...

Help, iPhone Won’t Charge! 5 Common Causes + How to Fix

Help, iPhone Won’t Charge! 5 Common Causes + How to Fix SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If your iPhone is plugged in but not charging, you may be in panic mode. You love your phone, you’re way too reliant on it, and you don’t want to spend some serious cash on a new iPhone 6s. And heaven forbid you resort to purchasing a non-iPhone. Fear not. I’ll walk you through some of the common reasons why an iPhone won’t charge and offer solutions to these problems. Hopefully, your iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, or iPhone 6 will only require a simple fix, and you’ll soon be using your phone incessantly and ignoring the outside world. How Do You Know if Your iPhone Is Charging? When your device is plugged into a power source, look at the battery icon in the status bar. If the iPhone is charging properly, there should be a lightning bolt next to the battery icon. If there’s not, there's definitely a problem and your iPhone won't charge. In this guide, I'll explain the most common reasons why an iPhone won't charge and offer solutions to each of these issues. These suggestions apply to every supported model (i.e. iPhone 4S, iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, and iPhone 6S), but may or may not work for earlier models. Follow my prescribed steps to help get your phone charging again. Common Problem 1: Your Software Crashed This is a common problem for why your iPhone won't charge, but luckily, it’s not a huge deal. In this situation, it looks like your iPhone isn’t charging, but the screen is just staying blank because your software has crashed. How to Fix It Just do a hard reset by holding the power button and home button together. Keep holding them until the Apple logo appears and your phone reboots. At this point, you should be able to see your phone charging, and all will be well again. Common Problem 2: Your Charging Port Is Dirty or Obstructed Take a close look at where the cable connects to your phone. If you want to take a really good look, use a flashlight. The port may be clogged with dust, lint, or other debris. Even something very small can prevent your cable from making a solid connection to your iPhone, thus causing your iPhone not charging problem. Also, this is less common, but make sure there’s no debris on the plug of the cable where it connects to the port. How to Fix It Use a toothbrush (preferably not one you’re going to use in your mouth) to gently brush out the port. Toothbrushes work well because the bristles don’t conduct electricity. You can also purchase one of these special brushes to do the trick. Once you’re done cleaning out the port, try charging again. Cross your fingers that you’ve fixed the problem and sanity has been restored. Common Problem 3: Your Cable Is Busted Inspect your cable thoroughly at both ends. Lightning cables (for iPhone 5 through 6s) and 30-pin connector cables (for iPhone 4S or earlier), are prone to fraying or getting torn. This is especially common if you get a low quality cable. If you get a super cheap non-Apple cable at a store or online, don’t be surprised if it’s not especially durable and makes your iPhone not charge. To check to see if the problem is with your cable or charger, try using a different one, if you have one available. Or if you have another working iPhone on hand, see if your charger will work with a different phone. How to Fix It If your charger is broken, you’re going to need to replace the cable. If your iPhone is still under warranty, Apple may replace your cable free of charge. Set up an appointment at your local Genius Bar, or you can try to set up your cable exchange online. If you need to purchase a new cable, here are certified 3-foot and 6-foot options. If you have an iPhone 4S or earlier model, check out this certified 30-pin connector cable. Common Problem 4: Your Power Source Is No Good There are many different ways to charge an iPhone: you can plug it into the wall, a car charger, laptop, or a speaker dock. There may be a problem in the wall outlet you’re using, or perhaps the USB port on your computer is the issue. Your iPhone won't charge if your power source is busted. How to Fix It Simply change the outlet or port your phone is plugged into. If this is the problem, you shouldn’t have any issues once you change your power source. As an added bonus, if you move from a USB port to a wall outlet, your phone will usually charge faster. Not only will you no longer have an iPhone not charging problem, you'll super charge your phone! Common Problem 5: Your Phone Was Damaged If your iPhone has been severely damaged, it probably won’t charge. Maybe the hardware was damaged when you dropped your phone while you were running. Or perhaps your charging port sustained liquid damage when you dropped your phone in the sink. How to Fix It Well, there aren’t a ton of options other than replacing your phone if this is the problem for your iPhone not charging. If you dropped your phone in water, you can try immediately drying the phone, removing the case, and placing the phone in a sealed bag of rice for at least 36 hours. If it still isn't working when you remove it from the bag, I’m sad to say that your phone has probably perished. One additional option other than replacing the phone is using an iPhone repair company, like iResQ, especially if all that’s damaged is the charging port. Typically, you have to mail them your phone, but if they can successfully fix it, you can recover your data and won’t have to purchase a new phone. Hooray! Troubleshooting Your iPhone Not Charging If your iPhone won't charge, go through the following steps to diagnose and rectify the problem. #1: Is Your Phone Plugged in Properly? Often, the issue is as simple as not plugging in your phone correctly. Your charger may not be fully inserted into a plug or charging port. Make sure that both ends of the charger are properly connected. #2: Is the Charging Port Dirty? Check to see if there's any debris in your charging port. If so, you can use a toothbrush to remove it. After you're done cleaning the port, try charging your iPhone again. #3: Try Rebooting the Phone Your software may have crashed, and you can fix this by doing a hard reset. Just hold the home button and the power button until the Apple logo appears. Problem solved. #4: Connect to a Different Power Source If the problem is with your power source, all you have to do is use a different one. Plug your phone into a different plug or USB port. #5: Is Your Cable Broken? If you have an additional cable, try to charge your phone with it. If the new cable works, you've identified that the first cable is broken. If you have an extra phone that charges with the original cable, you know the charger isn't the problem. If you have a broken cable, it will have to be replaced. #6: Is Your Phone Damaged? If none of the previous steps works, your phone may be damaged. If it is, you can try salvaging it by using an iPhone repair company, but it's possible that your phone has gone to iPhone heaven and can't be fixed.

Foreign policy assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign policy - Assignment Example This was a widely successful move in relation to American interests – the United States no longer needed a massive military in the way it had previously, and the free trade initiatives he instigated such as NAFTA spurred the United States to some of the biggest budget surpluses it has known in recent memory. He was moderately successful at achieving his objectives in Geo-Economics – the world became more integrated, but at the cost of some human rights that Clinton advocated for. His Policy on democratic enlargement was based on the fact that new nation-states were emerging out of the wreckage of the Soviet Union, and their long term stability would be best be served by democratic engagement of the population and the formation of democratic governance. This was a good target for national interests – these new states had many of the resources left over from the Soviet Union, such as stockpiles of nuclear weapons, and if they were thrown into chaos they would have been incredibly dangerous. Democracy has been demonstrated as one of the best long-term stabilizing forces, especially when the population is receptive to it. His focus on Ex-Soviet states, however, proved problematic – the United States has spent the decade since the close of the Clinton presidency fighting issues in the Middle East that arrive, at least in part, from Clinton’s willingness to let autocratic regimes continue brutal oppression there unchecked, for instance Saudi Arabia. (Hook &. Spanier, 2010, p 70). 2. Explain how the processes of integration and fragmentation are occurring simultaneously in world politics since the Cold War. Give examples of each. In what ways are these processes constructive and/or destructive? In your opinion, how should US foreign policy be crafted to take these trends into account? Integration is the process of bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups with a similar interest into unrestricted and equal association. Intergration occurs when two or more states, with a common interest sign treaties and agree to form a body characterized by a physical secretariat, personnel, equipments and a budget. These institutions are normally referred as an Inter-Governmental organization. An example is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which was formed in 1949 after the end of the World War 2. Fragmentation on the other hand refers to a process where organizations, which were once united, separate or break into different groups or join other groups or none at all. An example is the War Saw Pact that came to being as a response to NATO which fragmented at the end of the Cold War. As a result of the fragmentation of War Saw Pact, trade between countries of Eastern Europe and Western Europe increased and this lead to increased economic growth. The constructive element of NATO is that it managed to keep USSR from invading Western Europe. The US Foreign Policy should be crafted by first analyzing the past experiences of integrative and fragmentive processes. On successful integrative processes, the US should analyze their reasons for success and failure before crafting any foreign policy. On Fragmentation, they should learn from institutions which fragmented in-order to avoid formulating policies that are doomed

American history in 1800s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

American history in 1800s - Essay Example US English was not recognized world, however after the introduction of this dictionary US English literature gained a lot of recognition (Cobble, 2004). There are many events which are associated with the social reform movement of 1800. Congressional reconstruction is one such event in the history of USA. As far as the history of USA is concerned, historians often associated two particular events of the history to the reconstruction era. One part of reconstruction era is concerned with the time period of 1865 to 1877 (Murphy, 2003). This was the period when USA had just dealt with the civil war in the country. The reconstruction era reflects the rebuilding of society and state on modern basis (Harris, 2004). The second part of reconstruction was associated with the transformation of Southern states of USA. President Abraham Lincoln was the major players of setting up state’s government on a new pattern (Chused, 1994). Social reforms of 1800s’ have an important association with the future of USA. Today USA has Afro-American President who has been elected for two consecutive years. This reflects the fact that social reforms of USA history have played a major part for the growth and development of America. Equal rights for every citizen are also product of that time (Dougherty,

Conflict Resolution (Team Dynamics for Managers) Essay Example for Free

Conflict Resolution (Team Dynamics for Managers) Essay A major conflict that appears in many, if not most, groups appears to be miscommunication or lack of communication. There are several solutions available to resolve miscommunication. Each member of a team has certain strengths and skills that help resolve occurring issues. When a team is confronted with miscommunication or lack of communication, having a plan is a necessity. Lack of communication can easily lead to miscommunication in a group and cause many reoccurring issues. Certain confliction techniques can be used to not only eliminate the issue, but also understand the underlying issue at hand. Conflict and Solution Personal Strengths to Resolve Issue Creating a detailed learning team charter that involves all members allows each individual to contribute their strengths in problem solving. Generally, charters are mainly used as a tool to contact other members outside of the team environment. The other members offer their information and would be responsible to check into the team in a reasonable amount of time. This is the beginning opportunity to highlight each members strengths and especially how willing they are to participate. Participation is one of the main behaviors that help a team strive or fail. How little or how much a person chooses to participate confides solely within them. This is especially true since individuals learn and retain information in different ways; the application of strengths can be applied in separate and unique formats in a team. The most appropriate conflict management would be Jerry Wisinski’s A-E-I-O-U Model, which focuses on collaboration and what he calls positive intentionality, the assumption that other people are not trying to cause conflict (Engleberg Wynn, 2010). After completing the charter and knowing what is expected of each member, the most appropriate method of communication would be speaking with and checking in with members outside of the group. Conflict Management Techniques Each conflict is special in its nature and requires customized care depending on the situation or context with which the problem resides. â€Å"†¦all managers—whether they be supervisors, middle managers or chief executive officers—must learn to manage conflict if they are to be effective in leading their particular organizational units† (DuBose Pringle, 1989, p. 1). The idea that a problem should be â€Å"managed† crops up because conflict is a known and necessary part of organizational development. Conflicts shape organizations; but why must an organization go through a difficulty or hardship in order to understand conflict management? â€Å"The term ‘managing’ implies that conflict is not inevitably destructive† (DuBose Pringle, 1989, p. 1). Conflicts are not unchangingly damaging because it is necessary for growth to come across a few growing pains. Organizations with good management almost always succeed and dreams of growth come into fruition when conflicts are appropriately managed and managers understand the integrality of their interpretation of conflict management and its many different techniques. The team was very natural in its ability to choose a proper technique and utilize it in order to overcome the conflict at hand. The collaboration technique was used successfully as the team was forced to put their heads together and come to a decision with regard to the conflict. The collaboration was effective due to the participants’ unwavering objectivity and understanding of the conflict and how to manage it. Each party had their responsibilities laid out neatly in order to quickly and professionally get the job done. The team was highly prepared for any conflicts and managed them upon manifestation due to the highly comprehensive group. Accommodation is another technique the team productively used. Accommodation is used when the conflict is more important to the other party involved in the conflict and is treated with thoughtfulness by the other members; this technique was also successful because the team was able to â€Å"pick their battles† and strive to meet all the expectations of the team leader, and their teammates (DuBose Pringle, 1989). Additional Conflict Management Techniques Team communication generally appears to be a conflict that exists within the members of the group. This can only be solved within the members and the willingness to strive, learn, and accomplish together as a group. It takes personal inactive and being open to others suggestions to make communication strong and effective. Strong communication would prove to eliminate miscommunication and therefore lack of communication. Setting goals can always be a productive approach to ensuring success and keeping members focused on what needs to be accomplished, and the most effective route to complete tasks. The important balance of goal setting in groups is making sure that personal and team goals do not outweigh one another. Goals are more productive when they are shared and known with other individuals. Making, keeping, and sharing goals in the team environment are essential to success and eliminating miscommunication. In some cases where conflict is stronger than problem solving, it is necessary to seek help outside of the group. Third-party intervention occurs when a group seeks the services of an impartial outsider who has no direct connections to the group, but has the skills needed to analyze the conflict and helps resolve it (Engleberg Wynn, 2010). In learning team environments, the instructor is the third-party intervention and has authority to make decisions as deemed necessary to help keep the team productive and functioning as a whole. Arrival of Decision The group’s natural understanding of conflict management, and the team leader’s fantastic ability to choose proper techniques, strengthened the team’s ability to get the job done. When conflicts arose, the team effortlessly went through a decision process and effectively outlined the techniques that worked the best. The team was able to utilize all participating members’ strengths to move on with the project after nipping all problems in the bud. While some issues call for more drastic measures, accommodation and collaboration was the team’s two most valuable assets when managing conflict internally. Some issues require an entire modification of the organizational structure which could set back the team, and even the organization, for a very long time. Good management within the organization knows the proper way to take care of problems that arise from conflicts. Good management understands that the symptoms and the disease are two completely different things and should be handled as such. When managers â€Å"settle† problems for lower-level managers, it implies that they do not fully understand the real problem and how to fix it. Symptoms are stopped once the root of the problem is remedied. Conclusion When lack of communication occurs in a group, miscommunication is often followed. Certain personal strengths, such as a willingness to strive and learn from others are important in a group setting. Creating a team charter helps eliminate the issue of miscommunication. Setting goals, being open to other’s thoughts and opinions, and seeking help from outside of the group are all techniques to resolve a conflict in a group setting. The arrival of decisions are done by working as a team, using proper problem solving techniques, communicating, and having a good leader. References DuBose, P. B. Pringle, C. D. (1989). Choosing A conflict management technique. SuperVision,50(6), 10-10. Retrieved fromhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/195581288?accountid=35812 Engleberg, I. N. Wynn, D. R. (2010). Working in groups (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon.

Extending Business Hours in Australia :: Argumentative, Persuasive

In South Australia, the business hour is shorter than other places in Australia, such as Sydney and Melbourne. Some people states that the business hour is long enough to them in South Australia and extending business hour would raise social problems, such as social security and state budget. However extending business hour benefits a lot for South Australia. It can create more economic profits and is good for the whole society. The main argument against the extending business hours that is increasing trading hours will lead to many problems, such as social security and state budget. To extend shopping hour means criminal rates would rise rapidly. The reason is that people who shop at night may be threaten by the criminals and drunkards. It considers serious for people who lives far from the shopping centre and goes home by public transport at night, especially for young ladies. To solve the problems, the government of South Australia would require more police officers to keep environment safely. Moreover, the state has to pay amount of money to train and employ more police officers. There are not sufficient state budgets to support the issue. Therefore, it is not necessary to add the business hours in the South Australia. It is obvious that both community and the government would face the problems, particularly, those who live in poor areas. Nevertheless, the rising of tax from both companies and employees would be able to support the security problems. Additionally, extending business hours would create more job opportunities and people are able to earn more money from extra hours. Furthermore, it is possible for the government to develop the public facilities from the taxes. Initially, from economic point of view there some advantages will be grabbed. For instances, more job options will be available. Furthermore, there is some part-time and casual job vastly vacant. Fulltime workers will also gain more money since the payment hourly. At the same way, the stores that stay up late will also get the same chances, to earn more money, as fulltime workers. The most important considerable by extending business hours, it will open a broad chance for international investors to come to South Australia. Consequently, all the matters that have mentioned above will benefit the government by earning more taxes. As the result, it will raise up living standard and better public facilities in South Australia.

Financial Performance Analysis

ABSTRACT Financial Performance: A subjective measure of how well a firm can use assets from its primary mode of business and generate revenues. This term is also used as a general measure of a firm's overall financial health over a given period of time, and can be used to compare similar firms across the same industry or to compare  industries or sectors in aggregation. Methods of Financial perfomance Analysis: Ratio Analysis: This is the method in which the ratio between two or more variables related to the business is compared. There are many ratios used to analyze financial statements: Liquidity Analysis Ratio: For example, the net working capital ratio is calculated between net working capital and total assets. †¢ Profitability Analysis Ratio: For example, return on assets ratio is calculated between net income and average total assets. Profit margin ratio is calculated between net income and sales. Earning per share is calculated between net income and number of outstandi ng shares. †¢ Activity Analysis Ratio: For example, asset turnover ratio is calculated between sales and average total assets. Inventory turnover ratio is calculated between cost of goods sold and average inventories. Capital Structure Analysis Ratio: The most important ratio is debt to equity ratio, which is calculated between total liabilities and total stockholder's equity. †¢ Capital Market Analysis Ratio: For example, dividend ratio is calculated between annual dividends per common share and market price of common stock per share. All these ratios are collectively used to carry out the financial analysis of business to assess growth, profitability, and solvency of a business. Remember that ratio analysis is as important as horizontal and vertical analysis and must not be overlooked.

A paper on mother teresa for philosophy class Essay

â€Å"There is only one God and he is God to all; therefore it is important that everyone is seen as equal before God. I have always said that we should help a Hindu become a better Hindu, a Muslim become a better Muslim, a Catholic become a better Catholic.†(Mother Teresa) Mother Teresa was a unique soul that help and impacted many unfortunate people in this world by holding the word of god near and dear in her heart. She devoted her life to the dying, the cripple, the mentally ill, the unwanted, and fully enjoyed every minute of it. She was fulfilling her life mission to work among the poorest of poor. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje, or now know as Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. She was given the name Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was one of five children born to Nukola and Dronda Bojaxhui, yet only three survived. Her brother described their family’s first years as being well of not he peasants life reported inaccurately by some. In fact the family lived in one of the two houses that they owned. In her childhood she attended Roman Catholic school. About the age of 12 she new that her lives calling was to help the poor. When she was 18 she joined the Sister of Laredo, and Irish community of nuns with a mission located in Calcutta. After only a few months of training in Dublin she was sent to India where she took her initial vows in 1928 as a nun. She then took upon the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the Patron Saint of foreign missionaries, and also and also honoring Teresa of Avila. Upon taking her vows she was sent to St. Mary’s a high school for girls in the district of Calcutta. Here she started her career teaching history and geography which she throughly enjoyed for the next 15 years. It was in this somewhat protected environment for the daughters of the  wealthy that her new vocation developed and grew. Mother Teresa received her second calling in 1946 while on a train to Darjeeling for a 8 day of spiritual exercises. She knew at this very moment that she was â€Å"to serve amongst the poorest of poor.† â€Å"Christ is hidden under the suffering appearance of anyone who is hungry, naked, homeless, or dying.†(Mother Teresa) during the next two years she  pursued every avenue to follow ans never doubted the direction that God was leading her into. In 1948 she was granted permission to leave her post a the convent and begin ministry among the sick and needy. This permission was not easily granted she had to receive special permission from the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor openly and on the streets. It was at this time that she shed the normal habit and wore the ordinary dress of an Indian woman, a plain white sari and sandals. This was also the year that she became a Indian citizen. â€Å"The poor do not our sympathy and our pity. The poor need our love and compassion.† (Mother Teresa) she first went to Patna for a few short months to prepare for her future work by taking a nursing course. She also at this time found a small hovel to rent and began her new mission in life. She started by teaching the children in the slums. Even though she had none of the proper equipment to run a proper school she made creative ways to let this system work. She tried her best to make the children of the poor literate and also to teach them basic hygiene. This school is still in work today it has currently more than 250 pupils. As the children became to know and love her, she started to visit the poor and ill in their families and all others in the surrounding shacks. She also was inquiring about all their basic necessities that were not being met. Within a year she found much needed help. Young woman were using her as an example to share with the poor some much needed compassion. Most of these young woman became the core of her Missionaries of Charity. Some of the woman offered food, clothing, use of buildings, medical supplies and also gifts of money. As the following grew the more and more services that Teresa and her followers could provide the huge number of suffering people. From the birth of Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta new vocations starting springing up in all parts of the world. Some of the mission include homes for the dying, refuges for the care and teaching or orphans and abandon children, treatment center and hospitals for those suffering from leprosy and many more but this list is endless. â€Å"I don’t know what God is doing. He knows. We do not understand, but of one  thing I am sure, He doesn’t make mistakes.† (Mother Teresa) In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the Nirmal Friday or Pure of Heart Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. It was in this home that she and fellow sisters took in homeless Indians during the days before their deaths. Here Mother Teresa and other sisters cleaned the maggots from the rotting faces of the leprosy victims, washed emaciated bodies of the severely malnourished, and held the hands of the dying. All this so the unfortunate could die in peace and with some dignity. This was one of her philosophies on life: â€Å"People are hungry for God. Quite often we look but do not see. We are all passing through this world. We need to open our eyes and truly see..† â€Å"Love does not measure; it just gives.† (Mother Teresa). In 1962 she received the Padma Shri award for distinguished, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. She gratefully accepted all the awards on the behalf of the poor and used all proceeds to help her centers for the poor. It was not until 1980 that she actually was forced to scale back her activities because of her declining health. And in 1987 she officially stepped down as the head of the order and her predisuccessor Sister Nirmala was sworn in as the new leader. Mother Teresa still worked in her projects just on a smaller level until her dying day. â€Å"All of us must be saints in this world. Holiness is a duty for you and me. So let us be saints and so give glory to the Father.† (Mother Teresa). On September 5, 1997 Mother Teresa ate her last meal and afterward returned to her room for silent prayer. And very peacefully she took her last breath. Her funeral service was help in September 13, 1997. This was 51 years after receiving her first vows from God. In her own eyes she was â€Å"God’s pencil- a tiny bit of pencil with which he writes what he likes.† At her death she had an enormous following. Missionaries of Charity had 4,000 nuns and ran 517 orphanages, soup kitchens, homeless shelters and clinics around the world. The groups headquarters are only located 5 minutes where Mother Teresa life started. â€Å"We can do no great things in life, only small things with love.† (Mother Teresa). On October 25, 2003 Pope John Paul II will beatify Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The beatification of the Macedonia born nun will take place in Rome, three days after the Pope celebrates his 25 year of papacy. The process leading to the beatification has been the shortest in modern history. In early 199, John Paul II waived the normal 5 year waiting period and allowed the immediate opening of her canonization cause. In 2002, the Holy Father recognized the healing of a Indian woman as the miracle needed to beatify Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The healing that occurred was on the first anniversary of Mother Teresa’s death. It involved a non Christian woman that had a huge abdominal tumor and woke up to find the tumor gone. Members of the Missionaries of Charity prayed for their founder intervention to help the sick woman. And it seems that her spirit once again helped a poor soul regain her dignity and love of life back. Even from the grave Mother Teresa is helping the less fortunate. In 2001, on the Feast of the Assumption of Mary, officials closed the diocesan inquiry into Mother Teresa’s sanctity. The year-long process of gathering testimony from those who knew of her and her work is the first major step to Sainthood. The previous year in Calcutta marking Mother Teresa’s birth anniversary, Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim admirers joined for a common prayer in speeding up her canonization process. Her follower have great faith that the miracles needed to make Mother Teresa a saint will be provided. These miracles are required to prove her sainthood. I am not a religious person but I also believe that she will become a saint sue to her great love of helping others. She has not only brought people closer together and helped too many people to count. She found her love of God the way to help others. She is one in a million and deserves respect from all people. She has brought people from many religious backgrounds together and taught them: With love comes great responsibility, and this had actions. She was a person that let nothing stand in her way. Thus proving to everyone to make a difference. She is a great philosopher of the world. Touching many people in her life time and bringing dignity to the poor. â€Å"God made the world wealthy enough to feed and clothe everyone.† (Mother Teresa). She brought her love of God to the world and presented it to everyone never doubting her faith and mission in life. I think that everyone could learn from her example, and make a difference in this world. There are a lot of great people in this world and I think she proves that regardless of religious affiliation we can all join together for a common cause. To help anyone in need. â€Å"There is no greater sickness in the world today than the lack of love.† (Mother Teresa) Bibliography Mother Teresa: A Complete Authorized Bibliogrophy By Kathy Spink, Printed in Sepember of 1998 Something Beautiful for God By Malcolm Muggeridge, Printed in November of 1996 Mother Teresa the Path of Love Homepage

Milkstone essays

Milkstone essays Milkstone tolerating every difference People sometimes forget how important nature is and how it can change each individuals life. Artist Wolfgang Laib immerses himself in the emanations of his environment and surrenders to its natural condition. I had a chance to go see his exhibition at the National Museum of Contemporary Art in Korea during the summer of 2003, and throughout the exhibition, I learned the laws of nature. Laibs work is not in the form that people usually thins of as art. His works are piles of pollen, or stacks of beeswax, or some rice in a bowl I was very confused when I first saw his art, and did not know how to interpret it. However, as I looked at more and more of his works, I figured all of them are saying a same thing in simple but various ways unification and what it brings to us. Among his works, Milkstone, a combination of unlikely materials milk and marble showed how well two extremely different things can become one. Wolfgang Laib is a German artist, who once was a medical student. Since he was a child, he often traveled various places in India, the near and the far East. Indeed, he learned their ways of thinking and living; he was influenced by diverse eastern religions and philosophies such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Taoism and Sufism and by the lives and thoughts of St. Francesco (National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea). Later, as he studied the scientific view and knowledge of life and death, he realized the limitation of natural science of the west, which is based on materialistic and logical thinking. Laib abandoned his career as a medical doctor and declared himself an artist (Weintraub 41). As an artist, he intended to achieve a world of transcendental spirit, which he finds in the organic world view of the East according to which human beings should harmoniously obey the law of nature the phenome...

Word Choice Effect vs. Affect - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Effect vs. Affect - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Effect vs. Affect Despite the fact that effect is usually a noun and affect is primarily a verb, many people confuse these words. To avoid making this mistake, you should try to learn which is which. Luckily, this is fairly straightforward. Effect The word effect is usually a noun and means consequence or result. It can be used in a sentence like this: The effects of sun damage are long lasting. Effects can also sometimes mean personal items, as in I will gather my effects and then we can go. You should be able to discern the correct meaning from the context. Less commonly, effect can be used as a verb meaning cause to happen, such as in: The changes were effected throughout the company. Affect The word affect is usually a verb, meaning change or influence. For example: New strings on a violin affect the quality of the tone produced. It can also be used to describe emotional response, as in: He was deeply affected by what he saw. As a related noun, affect refers to the observable manifestations of an emotion, but this is mostly confined to psychology. Be aware that the word affected can mean put on a display or pretend something. If someone doesnt want to show that they are offended, for instance, we might say that they affected a show of nonchalance to hide their real feelings. Effect or Affect? These terms are confusing because they sound so similar and both can be used when discussing a change. The vital thing to remember here is that effect is usually a noun and affect is typically a verb. As such, if youre referring to the change itself, the term youll need is effect (e.g., the effects of stress can be devastating to your health). On the other hand, if youre referring to the act of causing a change, the word youll usually need is affect (e.g., stress can seriously affect your health).

Why does Warren Buffett rely heavily on Net Working Capital analysis Essay

Why does Warren Buffett rely heavily on Net Working Capital analysis as his principal method of valuing businesses Do you agree - Essay Example What is meant by Net Working Capital? Net Working Capital (NWC) is Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Current Assets include Cash and Cash Equivalents, Receivables, Inventory and other current Assets. Current Liabilities include all Short Term Borrowings. Net working Capital is also defined as that part of Current Assets that is financed by Long term Funds. This definition of the NWC is useful for the analysis of the trade-off between Profitability and risk. The Greater the amount of NWC, the greater is the liquidity of the business, lesser the risk. Thus, if the company’s goal is increasing profitability, it can be achieved by increasing risk, which again is measured by the lower level of Net Working Capital. The important elements of decision making during the process of purchase of a business are Profitability and Risk. Both these elements can be analyzed using Net Working Capital. Net Working Capital can be improved by infusing new funds in to the business in terms of Capital or long term finance. Similarly, NWC can be deteriorated by purchase of Long Term Assets. Any increase in Current Assets of the company which has a corresponding increase in current liabilities would not effect the NWC of the company. The value of the business is determined by its intrinsic value. Intrinsic value of a business can be determined by Long term Assets minus Long term Liabilities. The other way of measuring the intrinsic value of the business is Current Assets minus Current Liabilities, which is measured by Net Working Capital. 2In a net-net situation, an investor estimates a liquidation value for a company, then tries to pay a fraction of that value in the market. Ben Graham loved these types of situations, defining the net-net value as: Graham would invest in companies which are available at a price which is two-thirds of the NWC of the company, the one-third portion is the margin of safety which would protect the investor against

International Youth Forum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Youth Forum - Term Paper Example We are expecting to have an average of 800 audiences per day. The charges for the tickets will be collected on the days of the show. The speakers have agreed to receive 50 percent of their fees right after the programme and the remaining after 45 days. The speakers are professionals and some of them are from different parts of the world. Their fee varies from 3,200 to 6,800 per day. The artists belong to a single agency that has agreed to charge a lump sum fee for the entire programme. The agency promotes art derived from various cultures in the world. Due to the close connection between our motives, it has agreed to provide us a discount. A local restaurant owner has volunteered to take care of the brunch arrangements. He has provided an estimation of 14.55 per plate. The payment for the brunch will partly be paid after 30 days of the programme. A situation where the actual income would be less than the expected income by more than twenty five percent has been considered. In such a situation, the Foundation can recover the difference by conducting a Fund Raising Show. The artists' agency that has agreed to perform in the Forum has also volunteered to work hand-in-hand with the Foundation in the future. The Foundation also intends to encourage the youngsters participating in the Forum to promote the Foundation's activities in their countries. This step is expect

Issue of importance, personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issue of importance, personal - Essay Example These organized crime groups try to legitimize their business as much as possible. These organized crime groups also bribe officials for their safety all over their vicinities (United States 2007; Finckenauer 2005). It was in the early twentieth century that organized crime started to emerge in United States. It is presumed that it was the Italian Mafia that entered the US in the very beginning. The immigrants who entered United States usually made their own ‘families’ and then fought with each other to cause problems for the civilians of the United States. It was then that the situation worsened and police officials entered the arena to wipe out the organized crime from United States. Organized crime in United States at first established themselves by pursuing illegal activities such as drug trafficking, prostitution, gambling and bootlegging. It was through these activities that organized crime established itself in the United States (Repetto 2004; US Congress 1968). Organized crime groups had their own methods and strategies to influence the government in such a way that the civilians did not even come to know. At the first instance the organized crime groups established legitimate businesses which would run as a cover for their illegal activities. Gambling and liquor trade gave them enough money to become millionaires from which they bribed the government officials who would then take sides of these crime groups. The government officials knew the power of these crime groups because of which they could not stand against them. The organized crime groups established power all over the states because of which they could influence the government in many ways (Repetto 2004; United States 2007). The post prohibition era is marked by the amendment in the constitution which legalized the liquor trade in United States. This came as blow to organized crime as many of them were dependent on

Behavior and Individual Success

Behavior and Individual Success Title of Assignment: â€Å"How Behavior Impacts Individual Success† Everyone seeks to be successful, but not everyone accomplishes this goal. There are those of us who understand that success stems from our individual behavior and there are those that refuse to understand this concept. Behavior drastically affects ones individual success and there are several factors to point out when speaking of this. Successful individuals know that the foundation of personal and professional success lies in understanding yourself, understanding others, and realizing the impact of personal behavior on others. The first thing to understand when speaking of behavior and individual success is that how you behave stems from your childhood or how you were raised. It comes from understanding where you are from and then transforming that into where you want to go. For some of us, this is easy, because we come from very successful families and have been taught nothing but success, since we can remember. For others, this can be extremely difficult, because you come from a very unsuccessful family and lived in an unsuccessful community. Therefore, you have to train your mind to think differently then how you were raised. Never the less, regardless of where you came from, there are far too many successful individuals that have conquered all types of backgrounds. Everyone has a different definition of success, but the key to being successful is understanding what you define as success. For some of us, success is being a stay-at-home housewife, successfully raising your children. For others, success may be teaching or counseling. To others, success may be defined by the amount of education you achieved. You may feel that you have to get your doctorate degree, because everyone else in your family has done the same. No one can determine what success is to you, but you. There are far too many of us living unhappy lives, because we are successfully doing something to make someone else happy, which means that you are unsuccessful to yourself. â€Å"We talk frequently about the critical few behaviors that individuals need to change, but we should talk even more about our belief in the rights of those individuals to be free from others defining the keys to their success for them† (Lattal, 2003). One of my favorite sayings that my grandmother taught me is to â€Å"watch the company you keep.† Individual success can be greatly affected by the people we associate ourselves with. If you are hanging around negative people, you will be seen to be negative. It is very important to pay close attention to the company you keep. When it comes to being successful, you should want to associate yourself with successful people. This all stems from what you define as success and most of us define success as making above and beyond what is needed to care for our loved ones. Goldsmith claims that groups are a characteristic of all social situations and almost everyone in an organization will be a member of one or more groups (2003). Once you land a job with any company, it is very important to pay attention to informal groups. As mentioned by Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly Konopaske (2009), informal groups are formed as a consequence of employees actions and develop around common interests and friendships. These types of groups can be dangerous when trying to obtain success. Because the people within these groups are normally friends, its sometimes challenging to see how one person within the group is negatively affecting the group overall (p. 10). At my current job, Ive seen several people that were qualified for a promotion, but did not receive it due to the informal group they were a part of. The main point of this is to understand that there is always a leader watching what everyone is doing, and these leaders are the ones that make the decisions for promotions. When it comes to individual success, we sometimes have to monitor these type of behaviors. In most cases, we all want to have the highest role within our current position, which normally leads to management, but managers have to understand formal and informal groups to obtain and retain their position. This is where mentoring comes in to play with becoming successful. No matter what your definition of success is, there is someone that has already become very successful at that skill. Those that have challenges at becoming successful seek to find a good mentor that can help guide them into learning the skills needed for success. Even those that are already successful sometimes seek to have a mentor, because one can always become more successful. â€Å"In work organizations, a mentor can provide coaching, friendship, sponsorship, and role modeling to a younger, less experienced protà ©gà ©. In working with younger or new employees, a mentor can satisfy his or her need to have an influence on another employees career† (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly Konopaske, 2009, p. 45). Using myself as an example, my career tremendously grew once I was advised by a mentor. There were things about myself that I didnt even realize could affect my career, the main thing being that of the involvement within informal groups. After being mentored, Ive mentored several new and younger employees, helping to prevent them from making the same types of mistakes. As with any other relationship, one has to be careful when mentoring, but it can provide a sense of being a part of the community; because youre helping someone else to be as successful, if not more successful than you. There are those that have mastered obtaining a specific behavior to become successful, but that behavior is not a part of them. This can be easily related to people in the sales industry. There are several people within my family that are extremely successful at selling, but that does not define who they are. They have learned how to portray a certain behavior to reach the goals they want. When they leave work, they are back to their normal selves, but how they behave at work defines their definition of success. If behaving a certain way brings in the funds, then this is how they will continue to behave. This can assist several of us in becoming successful, but trying to behave in a manner that is not yourself, can be very difficult for most. â€Å"The more we believe that our behavior is a result of our own choices and commitments, the less likely we are to want to change our behavior. One of the best-researched principles in psychology is called cognitive dissonance† (Goldsmith, 2003). This simply means that the more we genuinely believe that something is true, the less likely we will be willing to change that belief. My family members believe that behaving a specific way to obtain sales has made them successful, so they cant see behaving any other way. Goldsmith mentioned that their commitment encourages them to â€Å"stay the course† and to not â€Å"give up† when â€Å"the going gets tough†. This same principle can work against successful people when they should â€Å"change course† (2003). There are several things to pay attention to when trying to become successful. We are normally our own worst enemy, because we overlook the behaviors that may be negative to constantly see ourselves in a positive manner. â€Å"Some of the personal individual attributes that we need to observe and control include our achievement attitude, emotional temperament, energy level, intellectual factors, material traits, maturity level, philosophical attitudes, physical features, risks actions, and task performance† (Taylor, 2006). All of these attributes work together to define ones version of success. Even if youre a stay-at-home mother, you have to learn these attributes before you can be fully successful at that job. The last thing to focus on when speaking of how behavior can impact success is to mention job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is an attitude that individuals have about their job. It results from their perceptions of their jobs, based on factors of the work environment, such as supervisors style, policies, and procedures, work group affiliation, working conditions, and fringe benefits† (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly Konopaske, 2009, p. 106). It is extremely difficult to be successful if you dont like the job youre doing. A great example of this would be teachers. We are all aware that most teachers are underpaid for the job they do. At the same time, they teach, because they enjoy helping people learn. Therefore, success is defined by their students growing up to be successful and not by the amount of money they make. There are several of us that work in jobs that we arent satisfied with. When one understands how behavior impacts success, they understand the importance of learning all they can within that current job. At the same time, they take the necessary steps to land a new and even better job. But by not allowing that negative situation to overcome them, they normally become even more successful in the new job. In conclusion, there are several factors that play into behavior and how it impacts success. The main thing is to define what success is to you. Once you have mastered that definition, you have to figure out the steps and attributes needed for you to become successful. We sometimes need help with this and that cant be overlooked. If a mentor will help you, take the help. There is always someone that has succeeded in what you want to do. It is important to study what they did to become successful and try to make the necessary adjustments. You cant be just like them, but you can learn how to be as successful as them. References Gibson, James L., Ivancevich, John M., Donelly, James H., Jr., Konopaske, Robert. (2009). Organizations Behavior, Structure, Processes. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Goldsmith, Marshall. (2003). Helping Successful People Get Even Better. Business Strategy Review London Business School. Lattal, Darnell, Ph.D. (2003). PMezine The Performance Management Magazine. The Science of Success: Creating Great Places to Work. Retrieved October 11, 2009, from http://www.pmezine.com/?q=node/8. Okolo, Sidney. Ezine Success Articles. Success Depends on Individual Attributes. Retrieved October 11, 2009, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Success-Depends-on-Individual-Attributesid=1062550. Taylor, Michael. (2006). Associated Content Lifestyle. How Your Personality Affects the Success in Your Life. Retrieved October 11, 2009, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/90301/how_your_personality_affects_the_success.html.

Free Waste Land Essays: Underlying Myths in The Waste Land :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

Underlying Myths in The Waste Land The underlying myths that Eliot uses to provide a framework for "The Waste Land" are those of the Fisher King and the Grail Quest. Both of these myths come to Christian civilization through the ancient Gaelic tradition. Neither is found in the Bible, but both were important enough to Europeans that there was a need to incorporate them into the new European mythology, and so the stories became centered on the story of the death and resurrection of Jesus. Other examples of these myths can be found in Eschenbach's Parsifal, in de Troyes' Quest of the Grail, and in the various stories of the grail quest surrounding King Arthur and his knights. It is described in works of anthropology, as well, two of which Eliot recommends to readers: Jessie L. Weston's From Ritual to Romance and Sir James Frazier's Golden Bough. In the Fisher King stories, a journeyer comes to a barren land and discovers a wounded king whose wound has caused the land to become sterile. In some cases, the wounding of the king was sexual in nature. Because these ancient peoples believed that the king and the land were united as one and that they reflected on each other, it was necessary to heal the king in order to heal the land. The journeyer then needs to undertake a quest (which fits the archetypal hero's journey pattern) to heal the wounded king and, through him, the land. In the Grail legends, which are frequently intertwined with the Fisher King legends, a questor searches throughout the land for the Holy Grail, undergoing tests of purity, his character, and his dedication to the quest on the way. The nature of the Grail differs from one account to another: It is sometimes thought of as a cup which caught the blood of Christ when he was pierced by a spear while hanging on the cross (which may be derived from the Celtic l egends describing the Grail as a cauldron of rebirth which allowed resurrection to warriors killed in battle but did not allow them to speak of the experience of rebirth -- a pattern into which the story of Lazarus roughly falls), and it is sometimes thought to be a stone (in Eschenbach's Parsifal, the Grail is described as a gem struck from the crown of Lucifer when he was ejected from Heaven).

My interersting travelling Essay

The advantages of group learning As students are trained in the form of credits you probably already know and familiar with concepts such as group exercises , group discussions , group work †¦ But not with any student or group of students who also exploit the positive approach of this study . The cause of this situation comes from the students who , or sometimes from the other objective reasons . The advantage of this method of learning is almost always students aware and undeniable . Learning environment group will actively promote the learning of individuals , creating cohesion in a community . While working in groups , the contradictions that arise from student to resolve † conflicts † . From there , they will have the ability to resolve conflicts , to convince others of the situation may be encountered in later life . The spirit of learning and the ability to listen to others and will be what students will learn . These skills are very important when you step out of the work environment and this would be a good premise to know how to work in a team environment . Work , group discussions, not merely at the request of teachers set for students , but more importantly it is the study of student research . Study groups will gather opinions of individual creativity , from which the product will be rich academic creativity . The best method will be selected from the comments yet. Learning products will now also be the result of all the members . School groups are not effective , why ? The positive aspects of group learning methods is undeniable . But no group of students also achieved the highest results with this method of learning , even sometimes some students feel it brings a lot of forms and achieve less effective than individual work people . So the reason why ? First, a number of students considered that the group work exercise of  collective psychology so often † not my job † , everyone except himself . As a result, † no one common father cry .† Many think that school groups will be very comfortable as it is a form of learning by playing , learning to speak , † thrown across his back turned † another thing about this table †¦ It ‘s so wrong . Since you are self- wasting his time in vain . Second, learning requires self-discipline team of each team member . The work is similar to the operation of a production line . Lines will not work , or work less effective if a part does not work or does not work properly function . If a team member does not work as assigned will result in the group will work stalled . The third reason , which is the division of labor is not clear . Sometimes a team member to take on too much work , while members have nothing to do . The work of the group is often put too much for the leader , sometimes even product is the result of individual rather than the leader of the group of products . Conversely , sometimes the leader † hug † too much work for her to lead the others † self-love † and the result is uncooperative . How to learn good team ? There are many causes of this learning method is not effective . Both objective reasons and from the school itself . So how to approach learning the most effective team ? First of all assigned work is reasonable . This depends on the role and ability of the leader to direct . When the work is clearly divided for each member they will be aware of his role , is responsible for completing the work . It is especially important to say to the self- consciousness of individuals in groups , students should find themselves responsible for a part of it , and the finished product has a contribution herself . A group is only effective when the members have self-consciousness : self-awareness of time , homework , self-awareness † speech † †¦ Only when each student develop  highly independent spirit , think about issues that need to provide learning research group that studies the group , the new group is promoting effects . And finally , the spirit of learning , listening hard , hard for that team will be the key to a successful exercise group . School performance group only when it is done on the basis of preparation of the content and methods of all members of the organization . With a networked computer , you can voice chat to discuss , study groups with friends everywhere just to save time , to be effective ! Please prepare yourself for a serious academic attitude and an effective group ! I hope to share on your part to help the students gain interest in learning groups , especially the effectiveness of learning with this method !

Influence of Drugs to Youngsters

Laoag City THE INFLUENCE OF PROHIBITED DRUGS TO YOUNGSTER SONNY MADAMBA February 2013? THE INFLUENCE OF PROHIBITED DRUGS TO YOUNGSTERS I. INTRODUCTION Prohibited drugs are often addictive. The word â€Å"addictive† means that a person will want to keep taking the drug. They can also be bad for the health and could cause death if overdosed. Drugs can be highly addictive, and that’s one of the main dangers. Drug abuse – two words that strike fear, confusion and concern into parent’s hearts. And with good reasons, as drug abuse can have a serious, life changing impact on youngsters, their physical and mental health is at stake.Most of the drugs are meant to be used medically, so if you use them without prescription, it might have side effects that will damage oneself. Drugs are considered dangerous because they typically have chemical and/or physical effects on the person using them, some of which may be harmful that can result in changes in state of mind and /or behavior. These effects are felt and interpreted differently by every individual, and because of this can even cause potentially dangerous behaviors. The risk of addiction is also considered a danger, due to obvious reasons.Many do not understand why individuals become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem and may characterize those who take drugs as morally weak. One very common belief is that, drug abusers should be able to just stop taking drugs if they really wanted and willing to change their behavior. What people often underestimate is the complexity of drug addiction – that it’s a disease that impacts the brain nd because of that, stopping drug abuse is not simply a matter of willpower. Through scientific advances we now know much more about how exactly drug works in the brain, and we also know that drug addiction can be successfully treated to help people stop abusing drugs and resume their productive lives. Addiction is a chrnic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences to the individual that is addicted and to those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease!Certainly true that mostly, if not all, voluntary usage is possible. Overtime, the changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse can affect a person’s self control and ability to make sound decisions, and at the same time send intense impulses to take drugs. Prohibited drugs are substances of natural or synthetic origin which can alter the emotional state, perception, body functioning or behavior of an organism and generally tend to be illegal. Lot of us drink alcohol, even more of us drink coffee or tea.Outside of the growing group of people who turn their back on any drug use because of a religious belief, it’s rare to find anyone who finds the non-prescribed use of these drugs to change our state of mind disagreeable on point of principle. It would be noticing that other religious groups actually include the use of alcohol as part of religious ritual. All drugs are essentially taken to kill pain, the user takes the substance to escape physical or emotional pain. Sometimes, they are looking to escape from both.Sometimes, an individual finds that they are unable to handle a part of their life and taking drugs makes it seem as though they have already solved their problem. For a brief period of time they feel better and things don’t seem as bad as they were. The individual’s problem begin to build simultaneously as they take more drugs. Often they become so hard and difficult to communicate with. They may withdraw and display strange behavior that is associated with addiction. And as time passes they focus their attention on using and do anything to obtain the drug.In the end, the individual becomes depressed, discontented, weary and desperate for the drug. Personal relationship begin to suffer as well as their job and financial status. Often they will sacrifice everything for the drug. One of the most dangerous effects of addiction is denial. The urge to use is so strong that the mind find many ways to rationalize the drug use and addiction. You may drastically underestimate the quantity of drugs you are taking, how much it impacts your life, and the level of control to use drugs. Denial is an unconscious defense mechanism.Minimizing and rationalizing the addiction is less harmless than admitting that drug use is dangerously out of control. But the prize of denial can be extremely high including the loss of important relationships, job finances, security and physical and mental stability. If you are really to admit you have a drug problem, congratulations! Recognizing that you have a drug problem is the first step on the road to recovery, one that takes tremendous courage and strength. Facing addiction without minimizin g the problem or making excuses can be frightening and overwhelming, but recovery is within reach.If you are ready to change and willing to seek help, make a commitment. Sooner, your recovery will prosper and will build a satisfying, drug free life. Don’t try to do it alone. It’s all too easy to get discouraged and rationalize â€Å"GETTING HIGH ONE MORE TIME. † Whether or not you choose to go to a Drug Rehabilitation Program, rely on self-help programs, counseling, support is essential. Recovering from addiction is much easier when you have people you can lean on for encouragement, comfort and guidance. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThis term paper aims to offer the understanding of prohibited drugs, its side effects, the dangers of using, the prevention of drug abuse and the different types of PROHIBITED DRUGS. III. BODY Prohibited drugs are very dangerous because they can cause damage to an individual’s brain, heart and other important organs. For exampl e, cocaine, which is illegal that can cause a heart attack the very first time it is used. Also, when a person uses drugs that are illegal they are less likely to do well in school, work and other activities.They have a hard time thinking clearly and tend to make poor decisions. When an individual uses drugs they often do irrational things such as driving under the influence which can be harmful to themselves and others. There are many prohibited drugs that are being abused by our society today. Drugs such as marijuana, methampithamine and the abuse of prescription medications are on the rise. It is important for everyone to raise their level of awareness in order to reduce the risk of drug abuse or to help someone they care for who is already suffering from drug abuse or addiction.Illegal drugs come in different shapes and sizes, and types. Each particular drug produces unique effects on the user, this is why you may have heard the term â€Å"drug of choice. † This means, th e drug that the user prefers. People use illegal drugs for many reasons, boredom, to fit in, experimentation, etc. they begin to abuse drugs when they repeatedly take them to solve their problems or make them feel â€Å"normal. † We will be highlighting the most commonly abused illegal drug. It is derived from the cannabis plant, which grows in many countries, including the United States.Users place it on rolling papers to make marijuana cigarettes, smoke it in bongs or pipes, or mix it in baked good or tea and eat or drink it. Marijuana is a SCHEDULE I drug. It is illegal to plant and grow marijuana, to sell and to buy hashish or hashish oil. Synthetic THC capsules are available by prescription to treat nausea that cancer patients sometimes suffer with some forms of chemotherapy, and to treat wasting in AIDS patients. No form of the smoked drug has been approved as safe or effective for any medical use. People use illegal drugs for many different reasons often it is to fit i n ith their friends or just because they are curious. Overall, the underlying reason a person tries drugs is to escape from reality, if they are sad they take the drug to make them feel better for a short time until the effect of the drug wears off and ten they find the problem, still exists after all. Taking drugs has never solved anyone’s problem, however, it often creates new ones. The user becomes dependent. There are many different types of illegal drugs. They include: heroin, cocaine, crack, marijuana, ecstasy and methamphetamine or the so-called shabu.Drugs are used by almost everyone at one point or another during their life. There are several types of drugs and they all have very different purposes. Some are necessary to keep an individual alive while others that are taken even when not necessary. Often these other types of drugs, such as anti-depressants and pain medication, cause many more problems and side effects than the original problem the individual was tryin g to treat. This second group of drugs makes, rather than solves the individual’s problem. In turn, their situation may worsen.They may begin to abuse the drug to escape life altogether and/or to simply obtain a high. Another group of drugs are called illicit or illegal drugs. They do not have known benefit and are often very addictive. Illegal drugs are frequently taken for totally different reasons than legal drugs. Many people experiment with these types of substances to escape their problems. THE HISTORY OF DRUGS Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B. C. ; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated 2737 B.B. in China. But not until the 19th century A. D. were the active substances in drugs extracted. There followed a time when some of these newly discovered substances, morphine, laudanum, cocaine were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physici ans for a wide variety of ailments. They were available in patent medicines and sold by travelling tinkers, in drugstores, or through the mail. During the American Civil War, morphine was used freely and wounded veterans returned home with their kits of morphine and hypodermic needles. Opium dens flourished.By the early 1900s there were an estimated 250,000 addicts in the United States. The problems of addiction were recognized gradually. Legal measures against drug abuse in the United States were first established in 1975, when opium dens were outlawed in San Francisco. The first national drug law was the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which required accurate labeling of patent medicines containing opium and certain other drugs. In 1914, the Harrison Narcotic Act for bade sale of substantial doses of opiates or cocaine except by licensed doctors and pharmacies. Later, heroin was totally banned.Subsequent Supreme Court decisions made it illegal for doctors to prescribe any narcotic to addicts; many doctors who prescribed maintenance doses as part of an addiction treatment plan were jailed, and soon all attempts at treatment were abandoned. Use of narcotics and cocaine diminished by the 1920s. the spirit of temperance led to the prohibition of alcohol by the EIGHTEENTH AMMENDMENT to the Constitution in 1919, but prohibition was repeated in 1933. In the 1930s, most states required anti-drug education in the schools, but fears that knowledge would lead to experimentation caused it to be abandoned in most places.Soon after the repeal of Prohibition, the US Federal Bureau of Narcotics now the DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION) began a campaign to portray marijuana as a powerful, addicting substance that would lead users into narcotics addiction. In the 1950s, use of marijuana increased again, along with that of amphetamines and tranquilizers. The social upheaval of the 1960s brought with it a dramatic increase in drug use and some increased social acceptance; by the early 1970s, some states and localities had decriminalized marijuana and lowered drinking ages the 1980s brought a decline in the use of most drugs, but cocaine and crack used soared.The military became involved in border patrols for the first time, and troops invaded Panama and brought its de facto leader, Manuel Noriega, to trial for drug trafficking. Throughout the years, the public’s perception of the dangers of specific substances changed. The surgeon general’s warning label on tobacco packaging gradually made people aware of the addictive nature of nicotine. By 1995, the Food and Drug Administration was considering its regulation. The recognition of fetal alcohol syndrome brought warning labels to alcohol products.The addictive nature of prescription drugs such as diazepam (VALIM) became known, and caffeine came under scrutiny as well. Drug laws have tried to keep up with the changing prescription and real dangers of substance abuse. By 1970, over 55 federal dru g laws and countless state laws specified a variety of punitive measures, including life imprisonment and even the death penalty. To clarify the situation, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 repealed, replaced, or updated all previous federal laws concerned with narcotics and all other dangerous drugs.While possession was made illegal, the severest penalties were reserved for illicit distribution and manufacture of drugs. The act dealt with prevention and treatment of drug abuse as well as control of drug traffic. The Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 increased funding for treatment and rehabilitation. The 1988 act created the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Its director, often referred to as the drug czar, is responsible for coordinating national drug control policy. LEGAL AND ILLEGAL DRUGS Legal drugs are drugs that a person is allowed to have.This of course, depends on the country they are in. if a person has legal drugs, they will not be punished by the law enforcer and the court most importantly. What is an illegal drug for one, can be legal for another use. That way, heroin (and other substances like it), can be used as painkillers. When a doctor, or other specialists prescribes the drug can be used legally. Some drugs such as aspirin or paracetamol do not need to be prescribed by a doctor. Most people can buy them over the counter from a drugstore or pharmacy. Legal drugs that are mainly used to relax are often taxed heavily.That way, cigarettes (or tobacco) are legal drugs, but they are often expensive. Most countries also have rules that say that cigarettes must not be sold to people younger than a certain age. Alcohol is another drug that is legal in many countries. Again, there are often rules who can get alcohol and who cannot. Illegal drugs are drugs that a person is not at all to have. If a person is caught with illegal drugs, they will be punished. They will surely appear to court and attend hearings unti l proven guilty and get jailed. DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences to the individual who is addicted and to those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain. Although it is true that for most people the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, overtime the changes in the brain caused by repeated drug abuse can affect a person’s self control and ability to make sound decisions and at the same time send intense impulses to take drugs.It is because of these changes in he brain that it is so challenging for a person who is addicted to stop abusing drugs. Fortunately, there are treatments that help people to counteract addiction’s powerful disruptive effects and regain control. Research shows that combining addiction treatment medications, if available, with behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. Treatment approaches that are tailored to each patients drug abuse patters and any co-occurring medical, psychiatric, and social problems can lead to sustained recover and a life without drug abuse.Similar to other chronic, relapsing diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease, drug addiction can be managed successfully. And, as with other chronic diseases, it is not uncommon for a person to relapse and begin abusing drugs again. Relapse, however, does not signal failure – rather, it indicates that treatment should be reinstated, adjusted or that alternate treatment is needed to help the individual regain control and recover the difference between drug abuse and drug addiction is very slight. Drug abuse and drug addiction is very slight.Drug abuse means using an illegal substance or using a legal substance in the wrong way. Drug addictions begin as abuse, or using a substance like marijuana or cocaine. You can abuse a drug (or alcohol) without having an addiction. People can develop Drug Addiction to all sorts of substance. When we think of addiction, we usually think of alcohol r illegal drugs. But people become more addicted to medications, cigarettes, even glue. And some substances are more addictive than others; Drugs like crack or heroin are so addictive that they might only be used once or twice before the user loses control.Drug addictions take place when the person has lost control over whether he or she uses a drug or drinks. Someone who’s addicted to cocaine has grown so used to the drug that he or she has to have it. Addiction can be physical, psychological or both. Denial is an unconscious defense mechanism. Minimizing and rationalizing one’s drug addictions are less scary than admitting that your drug use is dangerously out of control. But the cost of denial can be extremely high including the loss of important relationships, your job, financial security, and physical and mental health. PREVENTION OF DRUG ABUSEDrug addiction is a preventable disease. Results from NIDA – funded research have shown that prevention programs that involve families, schools, communities, and the media are effective in reducing drug abuse. Although many events and cultural factors affects drug abuse trends, when youths perceive drug abuse as harmful, they reduce their drug taking. It is necessary, before, to help youth and the general public to understand the risks of drug abuse and for teachers, parents, and health care professionals to keep sending the message that drug addiction can be prevented if a person never abuses drugs.DRUG ABUSE Drug abuse is defined as the habitual use of any chemical substance to alter the state of one’s body or mind for reasons other than medically warranted purposes. Drug abuse is a problem that affects men and women of all income levels, ages and stations in life. Quite often, the last person to see that there is a problem is the drug user/abuser themselves. Every year, more and more people become addicted to drugs in their pursuit to get â€Å"high. † The effects of drug abuse vary depending upon the drug that is used.Some effects of drug use are powerful rushes of energy and others may induce excessive feelings of calm and relaxation. Drug abuse may involve prescription drugs used for pleasure rather than for medical reasons or use of illegal drugs known as street drugs. Remember, drugs alter the brain to the point where the drug becomes extremely uncomfortable and even painful. This compelling urge to use is known as addiction. People who are most likely to become involved in drug abuse are those unable to make common transitions in life and are looking for a superficial way to make their feelings or mentally escape their reality.Communities could make a real difference to help prevent drug abuse among young people if they simply create programs aimed at helping children transition from grade level to grade level. Moreover, adults experiencing difficult transitional periods such as divorce or unemployment for example, would greatly benefit from programs designed to help prevent drug abuse by helping them adapt to their situation and provide solutions for coping with stress. ? THE FAR REACHING EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE AND DRUG ADDICTION While each drug of abuse produces different physical effects, all abused substances share one thing in common.They hijack the brains normal â€Å"reward† pathways and alter the areas of the brain responsible for self-control, judgment, emotional regulation, motivation, memory and learning. Whether you’re addicted to nicotine, alcohol, heroin, xanax, speed, or vicodin, the effect on the brain is the same: an uncontrollable craving to use that is more important than anything else, including family, friends, career, and even your own health and happiness. USING DRUGS AS AN ESCAPE: A short ter m fix with long term consequences Many people use drugs in order to escape physical and emotional discomfort.Maybe you started drinking to numb feelings of depression, smoking pot to deal with stress at home or school, relying on cocaine to boost your energy and confidence, using sleeping pills to cope with panic attacks, or taking prescription painkillers to relieve chronic back pain. But while drugs might take you feel better in the short-term attempts to self-medicate ultimately backfire. Instead of treating the underlying problem, drug use simply masks the symptoms. Take the drug away and the problem is still there, whether it be low self esteem, anxiety, loneliness, or an unhappy family life.Furthermore, prolonged drug use eventually brings its own host of problems, including major disruptions to normal, daily functioning. Unfortunately, the psychological, physical, and social consequences of drug abuse and addiction become worse than the original problem you were trying to cop e with or avoid. ? SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE AND DRUG ADDICTION Although different drugs have different physical effects, the symptoms of addiction are the same no matter the substance. The more drugs being to affect and control your life, the more likely it is that you’ve crossed the line from drug use to abuse and drug addiction.Unfortunately, when you’re in the middle of it, you may be in denial about the magnitude of the problem or the negative impact it had on your life. See if you recognize yourself in the following signs and symptoms of substance abuse and addiction. If so, consider talking to someone about the drug use. You’re on a dangerous road, and the sooner you get help, the better. COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE †¢You are neglecting your responsibilities at school, work, or home (e. g. flunking classes, skipping work, neglecting your children) because of drug use. You are using drugs under dangerous conditions or taking risks w hile high, such as driving while on drugs, using dirty needles, or having unprotected sex. †¢Your drug use is getting into legal trouble, such as arrest for disorderly conduct, driving under the influence, or stealing to support a drug habit. †¢Your drug use is causing problems in your relationships, such as fights with your partner or family members, an unhappy boss, or the loss of old friends. †¢You’ve built-up a drug tolerance. You need to use more of the drug to experience the same effects you used to with smaller amounts. You take drugs to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms. If you go too long without drugs, you experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression, sweating, shaking, and anxiety. †¢You’ve lost control over your drug use. You often do drugs or use more than you planned. You wanted to stop but you seem so powerless. †¢Your life revolves around drug use. You spend a lot of time using and thinking about dru gs, figuring out how to get them, and recovering from the drug’s effects. †¢You’ve abandoned activities you used to enjoy, such as hobbies, sports, and socializing, because of drug use. You continue to use drugs, despite knowing it’s hurting you. It’s causing major problems in your life – black outs, infections, mood swings, depression, paranoia – but you use anyway. PYSICAL WARNBING SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE †¢Bloodshot eyes or pupils that are larger or smaller than usual. †¢Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Sudden weight loss. †¢Deterioration of physical appearance and personal grooming habits. †¢Unusual smells on breath, body or clothing. †¢Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination. BEHAVIORAL SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE †¢Drop in attendance and performance at work or school. Unexplained need for money or financial problems. May borrow or steal to get it. †¢Engaging in secretive or suspicious behavio rs. †¢Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts and hobbies. †¢Frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents, illegal activities). PSYCHOLOGICAL WARNING SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE †¢Unexplained change in personality and attitude. †¢Mood swings, irritability, anger and sudden outbursts. †¢Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness. †¢Lack of motivation, appears lethargic or â€Å"spaced out. † †¢Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid with no reason. WARNING SIGNS OF TEEN DRUG USEThere are warning signs of drug use and abuse in teenagers. The challenge for parents is to distinguish between the normal, sometimes volatile, ups and downs of the teen years and the red flags of substance abuse. †¢Being secretive about friends, possessions, and activities. †¢New interest in clothing, music, and other item s that highlight drug abuse. †¢Demanding more privacy: locked-doors, avoiding eye contacts and sneaking out. †¢S kipping/cut classes; declining grades, trouble seekers. †¢Missing money and other valuables. †¢Acting uncharacteristically isolated, withdrawn and depressed. Using incense, perfume, or air freshener to hide the smell of smoke or drugs. †¢Using eye drops to mask bloodshot eyes or dilated pupils. RECOVERING FROM DRUG ADDICTION Addiction is a complex problem that affects every aspect of your life. Overcoming it requires making major changes to the way you live, deal with problems, and relate to others. It’s not just a matter of willpower or simply wanting to quit. Getting off drugs for good is difficult without treatment and ongoing support. The good news is that there are many tools that can help you on your journey to sobriety.DRUG ADDICTION AND ITS SOCIAL EFFECTS Although the physiological and mental effects of drugs on the user is well documented, the social repercussions of the problem are often not. It is in fact on the social side of things that substance d ependency has unleashed its most damaging attack. We know that many times drug addiction causes marriage break ups, by offs from job and bankruptcy, but often, our minds are limited to that. We fail to see a couple’s choice because of drugs that affects some of the members of the family, the children especially.It becomes a cycle of pain, anger and sadness fuelled by drug dependency. Many drug addicts fail to recognize this effect. They think they are hurting only themselves and no one else. They do not feel the sorrow of the people who love them and the anguish that those who are affected most, their children, are going through. Perhaps if we can educate people about the social effects of drug addiction, it can trigger a change. ROLE OF PARENTS IN KEEPING THEIR KID OFF TO DRUGS There are many people in the world today who are chained to drug addiction.Many of them have lost their loved ones, friends, and even their family. Nevertheless, they think that they are in heaven and do not want to let go of the habit. Sometimes the reason why there are people who fall into the trap of drug addiction is the lack of guidance from families. No parents in their right mind would want their kids to take drugs, unless they are hooked to it themselves. But sometimes, due to work and hectic schedules, parents fail to check what their kids are doing or who they are with. Often, it is because of this parental laxity that kids fall into addiction.One method that can help in stopping the problem of drug abuse is by having seminars, wherein parents will be taught to spot possible symptoms of addiction in their children. Then the parents can either bring their kids to a guidance counselor or have them sent to a rehabilitation center. Everyone should remember that every single thing that anyone can do to keep someone from being hooked to drugs is already a big help. ? DRUG SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES There are some of the commonly abused drugs in the Philippines. Recently, t he drug problem is quite alarming.The increasing number of arrested drug traffickers, seizures of big volumes of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals and dismantling of clandestine laboratories since the conception of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency show the extent and impact of the drug abuse and drug trade problem in the Philippines. The illegal trade of methamphetamine hydrochloride commonly known as shabu† has grown into a P1 billion-a-day. Industry, but the drug has now become more expensive, making it â€Å"the poor man’s cocaine no more,† anti-narcotics officials and international drug reports said.Recently, the average street price of â€Å"shabu† in the Philippines ranges from P15,000. 00 – P17,000. 00 depending on the demographical location (regional, provincial, city or municipal). The increases of price of shabu, was due to the government success on dismantling of clandestine laboratories nationwide. Thus , these problems don’t limit on trafficking and production of drug addicts. Drug addiction respects no boundaries. It’s the cradle of heinous crimes committed by persons. The worsening drug abuse in the country can be gleaned from the fact that in 1972, there were only 20,000 drug users in the Philippines.In 2004, this figure has climbed to an astounding 6. 7 million. Methamphetamine hydrochloride or â€Å"shabu† and marijuana are the illegal drugs preferred by one in every 29 Filipinos aged 10 to 44 years. While drug abuse is alarming in the country, the government is strong fisted in the fight of eradicating the supply and demand of illegal drugs, thus, drug lords, big time drug pushers and transnational syndicates are laughing their way to their banks using the â€Å"dirty money† which is the proceeds of illegal drugs and invest the money to legitimate businesses.They are having a field day destroying lives and future of the people courtesy of inutile and corrupt government agencies. The law enforcers cannot do it alone. The prosecutors and judges cannot move on without harmonious relationships. The problem rest upon us. It starts within ourselves. Schools, churches, civic organizations, NGOs and private groups and individuals must all do their share and contribute to the battle against illegal drugs. This country cannot afford to waste its future to drug addiction. If the war on illegal drugs is lost, the future of the country follows.Filipinos must remain resolute in their resolve to win the war against illegal drugs. THE DANGERS IN USING PROHIBITED DRUGS One of the dangers of using illegal drugs is that the person might be caught by the law enforcers and be charged of a crime with a no bail option. And if the person is proven guilty of the charge by the judge, the person will certainly go behind bars and spend the rest of their lives in jail. Another danger is when a person get intoxicated and get â€Å"high† from using illegal drugs, they tend to act strange, do unbecoming things and get paranoid about everything.Stealing money and deceit, robberies and prostitutions are also possible dangers so as to suffice their need of illegal drugs. Overdose is also one of the danger. This happens when drugs are taken excessively. This can be very dangerous – it can hurt them badly and worst, might even die. Lastly and could be fatal is when a person already opted injection of heroin with a needle and share a crack pipe with other drug users. These could result to infections or disease such as AIDS and Hepatitis C. Many other diseases can also be transmitted from a drug use activity. WHY DO PEOLE USE PROHIBITED DRUGS?For many people, the reason for the first time use will simply be because they are available. These illegal drugs are generally psychoactive, they affect the psychological state of the user. They change how people thin – fell, how they perceive the world around them. It works with a very basic model of learnt behavior and reward. The first time that someone uses an illegal drug, they do not know how they will feel or how they will be perceiving the experience, and the world around them. The experience will be guided by what the person believes will happen, which is of course massively open to suggestion.A lot will depend on the user’s emotional state, the environment that they are in and who they are with. Most illegal drugs cause people to become intoxicated. The slang term for this experience is â€Å"getting stoned† or â€Å"getting high. † When a drug user is intoxicated, they may feel strange, happy, dizzy, and relaxed. Some drugs such as marijuana and hashish often make users feel happy and weird. LSD make one feel intensely; they make one see and feel things like never before, and think things about the world they would normally not. Some say it increases knowledge and creates wisdom.Other drugs such as Crystal Meth make users fee excited and happy and full of energy. Some teens believe drugs will help them think better, be more popular, stay more active, or become better athletes. Others are simply curious and figure one try won’t hurt. Others wants to fit in and some were only longed for attention from their parents. Many teens use drugs because they’re depressed that’s why they thought taking drugs will help them escape and forget their problems. Truth really is that drugs don’t solve problems – they simply hide feelings and problems.When drug wears off, the feelings and problems remain, or become worse. Drugs can ruin every aspect of a person’s life. ? TEENAGE DRUG ABUSE Teenage drug abuse in the United States is a serious concern. For example, marijuana, which is prevalent among teenagers, has been shown to interfere with short term memory, learning, and psychomotor skills. Motivation and psychosexual/emotional development also may be affected. Marijuana abuse by teens increases their risk in late adolescence of not graduating from high school, delinquency, having multiple sexual partners, and not or without using contraceptives.Marijuana use can also result in perceiving drugs as not harmful. It also result in long-term problems with cigarettes, alcohol and other drugs. Studies show that teenage drug abusers tend to have friends who also exhibit deviant behavior. In addition, early adolescent marijuana use is related to later adolescent problems that limit the acquisition of skills necessary for employment and heighten the risks of contracting HIV and abusing legal and illegal substances. All teenage drug abuse can have immediate and long-term health and social onsequences. Overall, mental health problems including depression, developmental lags, apathy, withdrawal, conduct problems, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts/tendencies and other psychosocial dysfunctions are frequently linked to substance abuse among adolescents. Drug abuse has been shown to increase the likelihood of psychiatric disorders. THE IMPACT OF PROHIBITED DRUGS A. Physical Health Drug abuse can adversely affect every major system in the human body.Another way that drugs can affect physical health – as well as potentially that of others – is when they drive under the influence of drugs. Accident is prone. Marijuana for example, can impair a driver’s ability for up to three hours after use and can remain in a person’s system for up to 24 hours. Approximately one in six (15%) teens reported driving under the influence of marijuana. Combine teens’ drug use with their inexperience on the road, and you have a recipe for disaster.Teem who abuse drugs may also engage in behavior that places them at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases, this may happen because they are injecting drugs and sharing used needles, or because of poor judgment and impulse control while experiencing the effec ts of mood-altering drugs, making them more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. B. Mental Health Mental health problems such as depression, developmental lags, apathy, withdrawal and other psychosocial dysfunctions frequently are linked to substance abuse among adolescents.Substance-abusing youth are at higher risk than non-users for mental health problems, including depression; conduct problems, personality disorder and suicidal tendencies. Marijuana use, which is prevalent among youth has been shown to interfere with short-term memory, learning and psychomotor skills. C. Addiction No one thinks that they will ever become addicted to drugs when they start using them – but addiction can and often does happen. Addiction is a compulsive need for and use of habit-forming substances such as drugs.Someone who is addicted losses control and judgment and when use of the drug stopped, may suffer severe psychological or physical symptoms, such as anxiety, irritability, unhappi ness, and stress. Withdrawal from certain drugs can also result in severe physical discomfort, such as tremors, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, bone pain and even seizures. Long term users of certain drugs may experience pervasive changes in brain function. For example, prolonged exposure to ecstasy can lead to deficits in memory, increased depression, anxiety and sleep problems. TYPES OF PROHIBITED DRUGS CRACK COCAINE – Illegal DrugsCrack is a form of cocaine. Crack cocaine got its name from the crackling noise it makes while being smoked. It is highly addictive. Crack is a powdered cocaine that has been processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride. Cocaine is classified as a stimulant as it speeds up the nervous system. It is an addictive drug which comes from coca leaves or its is made synthetically and comes in the form of a white powder. The addiction can be almost immediate following the first use. Regular use rs almost always becomes addicted to cocaine.This addiction can cause problems with daily living including lying, stealing, flattened emotions and problems with relationships. Cocaine is extremely dangerous and can cause death to the user. The effect of cocaine will depend on the amount taken, the quality and the purity of the drug. Crack cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine, a chemical messenger associated with pleasure and movement. Physical Effects of Crack Cocaine †¢constricted blood vessels †¢dilated pupils †¢increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressureComplications Associated with Crack Cocaine †¢disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks †¢chest pain and respiratory failure †¢strokes †¢seizures and headaches †¢gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain and nausea HEROIN – Illegal Drug Heroin is an extremely dangerous and powerful op iate. This powdered, crystalline substance is used by injecting, snorting, or smoking it. Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant. Heroin usually appears as a white or brown powder. Street names of heroin include â€Å"smack,† â€Å"H or â€Å"junk. Heroin belongs to a group of drugs called opiates. Opiates are strong pain killers and are classified as depressants because they slow down the functions of the central nervous system. Heroin can be injected, snorted or smoked. It usually comes in powder form and in different colors. Heroin can produce nausea and vomiting, as well as constipation and itching. At higher doses, the pupils of the eye narrow to pin-points ,the skin becomes cold, and breathing becomes slower and shallower. Long term use of street opiates and the associated lifestyle may result in damage to the veins, heart, and lungs.Women may experience irregular menstruation and possible infertility, while men may experience impotence. With regular heroin use, tolerance develops. As higher doses are used over time, physical dependence and addiction develops. Withdrawal Symptoms †¢drug craving †¢restlessness †¢muscle and bone pain †¢insomnia †¢diarrhea and vomiting MARRIJUANA – Illegal Drugs Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States. Marijuana is addictive. When a user begins to seek out and take the drug compulsively, that person is said to be dependent on the drug or addicted to it.Marijuana is primarily a depressant; however, it may have hallucinogenic effects. Marijuana comes from the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant. The effects of marijuana will vary depending on the individual and the mood they are in. It will also depend on the strength and amount of the drug being used. In combination with other drugs or alcohol, the use of how much stronger hydrophonically grown marijuana produces di sturbing feelings of paranoia, hallucinations, and other symptoms of drug-induced psychosis. Mental Effects of Marijuana depression †¢anxiety †¢personality disturbance †¢paranoia Marijuana is a dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the hemp plant, cannabis sativa. It is usually smoked as a cigarette or in pipe. It is also smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, often in combination with another drug. Street Terms for Marijuana †¢pot †¢herb †¢weed †¢grass †¢widow and ganja CRYSTAL METH – Illegal Drugs Crystal methamphetamine, also known as crystal meth, is a powerfully addictive stimulant.There can be serious health conditions including memory loss, aggression, psychotic behavior, and potential heart and brain damage. Crystal meth addiction is an extremely serious illegal drug and growing problem. CHRONIC CRYSTAL METH ABUSERS EXHIBIT SYMPTOMS THAT C AN INCLUDE: VILLENT BEHAVIOR, ANXIETY, CONFUSION, AND INSOMNIA. They can also display a number of psychotic features, including paranoia that can lead to homicidal and suicidal thoughts. Meth is part of a group known as amphetamines, the effect of meth is that it stimulates the activity of certain chemicals in the user’s brain.Meth is classified as a stimulant drug. Meth bought on the streets is usually a white or yellow powder. Meth can be swallowed, injected, smoked or snorted. Meth is often of a very poor quality and a â€Å"dirty† hit can make users sick. It usually causes increased activity, decreased appetite, and a heightened sense of well-being. It can be smoked, snorted, orally ingested or injected directly into the blood stream. ECSTASY – Illegal Drugs Ecstasy or (MDMA) is a synthetic amphetamine-like (speed-like), mind altering drug that can cause the user to hallucinate. ecstasy posses chemical variations of the stimulant amphetamine or methamphetami ne and a hallucinogen, most often mescaline. Ecstasy is a white, crystalline powder in its pure form. It is most often available in tablet form and is usually ingested orally. Ecstasy is rarely consumed with alcohol, as alcohol is believed to diminish its effects. Ecstasy (also known as â€Å"adam,† â€Å"e,† â€Å"madam† or â€Å"xtc†) is a stimulant because it speeds up the functions of the central nervous system. Ecstasy is often mixed with a variety of different drugs, making it difficult for users to know what they are taking.It is dangerous to take other drugs in combination with ecstasy as little is known about these combination. Ecstasy can produce a â€Å"hang-over† effect with symptoms including loss of appetite, insomnia, depression, or muscular aches. The effects of ecstasy vary from person to person depending on size, mood, gender, health, weight, personality, expectations of the drug, previous experience with ecstasy. Ecstasy users al so report after-effects of anxiety, paranoia and depression. Adverse effects of ecstasy †¢nausea †¢hallucinations †¢chills †¢sweating ROHYPNBOL (DATE RAPE) – Illegal DrugsRohypnol is a strong sedative which is similar to the drug Valium, but is 10 times stronger than Valium. Rohypnol is a small white tablet that is single or cross-scored on one side and has the word â€Å"Roche† on the other side. Rohypnol dissolves easily in juice, coffee, carbonated and alcoholic beverages. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless when dissolved in any liquid. The effects of this drug are enhanced when mixed with alcohol causing: sedations, loss of inhibitions, relaxation, black outs and amnesia. It can also cause respiratory depression, coma and even death.The drug takes effect 20 to 30 minutes and effects may last as long as 8 to 12 hours. When combined with alcohol, rohypnol causes severe disorientation and the classic â€Å"blackouts† that it is known f or. Blackout periods are typically 8 to 12 hours, the victim may or may not appear â€Å"awake† during this time. This drug is especially dangerous, the drug’s amnesiac effect usually leaves the victim with little or no memory of any assault. Signs and Symptoms of Rohypnol †¢quick intoxication †¢bloodshot eyes †¢drowsiness †¢dizziness GHB (Gamma Hydroxy Butrate) – Illegal DrugsGHB is Gamma Hydroxy Butrate. It is a powerful synthetic drug that acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. It is a newer drug to the streets than Rohypnol. GHB is an illegally manufactured drug, so it is very dangerous since it is made by â€Å"kitchen chemists† and there is NO quality control like with an FDA approved drug. It is used the same way someone will use Rohypnol n an unknowing victim. GHB is usually found in liquid form that is colorless and odorless and has no taste when mixed in a drink or water. GHB Signs and Symptoms †¢dizziness à ¢â‚¬ ¢nausea †¢vomiting †¢unconsciousness memory loss †¢difficulty in breathing †¢seizures and coma DRUG REHABILITATION It is possible to recover from drug and alcohol addiction with the help of a successful drug rehabilitation. The capability of a drug rehab center to handle all types of drug addiction: heroin, cocaine, crack, meth, marijuana, ecstasy, prescription drugs and alcohol is vital. Many successful programs believe that the ability to accomplish a complete recovery from drug addiction must be based on the belief that an individual is not powerless, and in fact, must take responsibility for his or her own actions.Graduates of a successful program are individuals who can stand on their own feet and live drug-free productive lives. One of the most successful types of drug rehab programs available is entirely drug free in its methods of addiction recovery. This type of drug rehab program does not use drugs or medications to solve the problems caused by dru gs. It uses nutrition and nutritional supplements as an important components of its delivery. This type of program is neither psychiatric nor medical, but a social education model of rehabilitation. Person enrolling in the program must receive full medical, physical, and M.D’s permission to do the program and periodic medical review as individually needed. However, clients are not considered or treated as â€Å"patients† but as â€Å"students† who are learning to regain control of their lives. This is an important distinction. A student does not enroll to recover from an â€Å"illness;† he enrolls to learn something that he doesn’t already know. He addresses the disability caused by drug use with new abilities and new skills for life. Drug rehab staff prepare graduating students with â€Å"re-entry† programs to follow as they re-start their lives on a new footing.But the full drug rehab program is intended to produce graduates who can stand on their own feet and live drug-free, ethical lives thereafter. A graduate from this type of successful rehab program does not go to weekly meetings for months after completion, nor does he describe himself as â€Å"recovering. † A student who has graduated from this type of drug rehab program has recovered. He or she has obtained a new orientation in life. The premise of this recovery model is that a former addict can achieve a new life. This goal applies whether or not the program is delivered in a free-standing center daily after work, or even in prison.Once well, if he uses the tools he has practiced and learned to use at the drug rehab, a graduate can stay well. This is not theoretical. DRUG WITHDRAWAL As a person uses more and more of a drug, it becomes abuse which may lead to drug dependence. When drug use is stopped, drug withdrawal symptoms are experienced and these can be severe. The type and severity of one’s drug withdrawal symptoms of depend on the drug be ing abused. The route of administration, whether intravenous, intramuscular, oral or otherwise, can also play a role in determining the severity of drug withdrawal symptoms. There are different stages of drug withdrawal as well.Generally, a person will start to feel worse and worse, hit a plateau, and then the symptoms begin to dissipate. However, drug withdrawal from certain drugs (benzodiazepines, alcohol) can be fatal and therefore the abrupt discontinuation of any type of drug is not recommended. The term â€Å"cold turkey† is used to describe the sudden cessation use of a substance and the ensuing physiological manifestations. Drug withdrawal symptoms range from mild to extreme. In the case of mild drug withdrawal, the person experiences nausea, vomiting, headaches, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, insomnia, and tremors.More serious withdrawal symptoms include, but are not necessarily limited to fever, rapid pulse rate, heart palpitations, heavy sweating, respiratory dist ress, hallucinations. Getting over the withdrawal symptoms is an important part of treatment and recovery. If a person is in constant discomfort, extreme or otherwise, it is difficult to move forward in the process. Depending on the drug of choice used by the patient, medical professionals can design a treatment plan to help ease the severity of the withdrawal symptoms and allow the patient to return to a more healthy state.DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT Drug abuse treatment, also known a rehab, is the educational and therapeutic process of initiating recovery from drug and alcohol abuse. The ultimate goal of all drug abuse and alcohol treatment is to enable the patient to achieve lasting abstinence. The immediate goals are to reduce drug use, improve the patients ability to function and minimize the medical and social complications of drug abuse. The first step in the treatment process is detoxification of the body while emotionally stabilizing the individual.Many programs offer detoxificati on. However, this is only the initial step on the road to recovery. Alone, detox does little to reverse long term drug use. Detoxification safely manages the acute physical symptoms of withdrawal that are associated with stopping drug abuse. While detoxification alone is rarely sufficient to help addicts achieve long term abstinence, for some it is a vital precursor to effective drug addiction treatment. Once a person has completed detox, they are ready to begin the educational part of the recovery process.Drug abuse recovery is an ongoing process. The skills one learns during drug abuse treatment must integrated into their everyday life and this takes time. Though there are a variety of treatment options, available, there are some specifics to look for. A quality treatment facility should include strategies for keeping the person in treatment, deliver skills to help the individual handle everyday situations that may cause trouble once they have completed the program, and offer guid ance and counseling towards understanding the individuals initial reasons for drug abuse.The capability of drug abuse treatment to handle all types of drug problems: heroin, cocaine, crack, meth, marijuana, ecstasy, prescription drugs and alcohol is vital. Successful rehab programs believe that the ability to accomplish a complete recovery from drug abuse must be based on the fact that the individual is not powerless. The person is recovery must take responsibility for his or her own actions. Graduates of a successful program are individuals who can stand on their own feet and drug-free productive lives. HOW DRUGS AND DRUG CRAVINGS AFFECT THE USER’S BEHAVIORThe drug user will now attempt to withhold the fact of their drug use from friends and family members. They will begin to suffer the effects of their own dishonesty and guilt. They may become withdrawn and difficult to reason with. Strange behaviors often come about at this point in the addiction. The more they use drugs a nd alcohol, the guiltier they will feel, and the more depressed they will become. They will sacrifice their personal integrity, relationship with friends and family, their job, their savings, and anything else they may have in an attempt to get more drugs to satisfy the intense drug cravings.The drugs are now the most important things in their life. Their relationships and job performance will go drastically downhill. There is such a thing as a drug personality. It is artificial state of being that is created by drugs. Drugs can change the attitude of a person from their original personality to one secrete harboring hostilities and hatreds they do not permit to show on the surface. DRUG EDUCATION Drug education is the key to turning the tide on drug abuse. However, not all drug education has shown itself to be beneficial. The â€Å"Just Say No† program of 1980s did little to dissuade kids from trying drugs.In fact, 1990s saw the first increase in drug use among young people s ince 19070s. taking down kids and telling them what to do has never been an effective strategy. THE BEST STRATEGY FOR DRUG EDUCATION Programs that take a different approach to drug education have been seeing some successes. The programs are more focused on telling kids the truth about drugs and arming them information that will help them make good choices. By talking to kids and young adults from a less prescriptive position, they are finding that kids are more engaged and responsive.Young adults are like sponges and they are eager to seek up information. All the information about drugs out there is enough to teach them what is right and wrong. If you are looking for a program to address drug education for your school, group or community, there are four things you should look for. You should ask the educator what his philosophy about drug education is. You should also ask what experience with drug addiction and prevention he/she has. Inquire about what types of information he/she wi ll be presenting and how kids typically respond to the presentation.If he/she can offer references from other schools or organizations, that is great. Educators who have struggled with substance abuse themselves are particularly convincing. Kids will have the opportunity to ask questions about what it feels. Like to be addicted and how hard it is to overcome. The experiences of such an educator can be invaluable to the presentation. Drug cravings can be physical or psychological. Physical drug cravings occur when the drug dependent person builds up their tolerance to drugs overtime.Drug cravings, like other physical cravings, are taken as a symbol that the individual should give the body what it thinks it needs. Physical and psychological drug cravings are very powerful and compel many people to use drugs. Even though the cravings may seem like they are uncontrollable, they can be dissipated and you do not have to act upon them. When a person is in a drug recovery program, they will learn to tolerate the cravings and not act upon them. With these tools they are in a good position to start taking back control of their lives.Addictive drugs activate the brains reward systems. The promise of reward is very intense which in turn causes drug cravings. The intense drug cravings force the addict to focus his/her activities around taking the drug. The ability of addictive drugs to strongly activate brain reward mechanisms and their ability to chemically alter the normal functioning of the systems, can produce a drug addiction. Drugs also reduce a person’s level of consciousness, harming the ability to think or be full aware of present surroundings. IV.CONCLUSION Prohibited drugs aren’t good for anyone, and they are particularly bad for a kid or teen whose body is still growing. Illegal drugs can damage the brain, heart and other important organs. Cocaine, for instance, can cause a heart attack – even in kids or teens. While using drugs, a person i s also less able to do well in school, sports and other activities. It’s often harder to think clearly and make good decisions. People can do dumb or dangerous things that could hurt themselves – or other people when they use drugs.If you think someone is using drugs, the best thing to do is to tell an adult that you trust. This could e a parent, other relative, teacher, coach or school counselor. The person might need professional help to stop using drugs. A grown-up can help the person find the treatment he or she needs to stop using drugs. Another way kids can help kids by choosing not to try or use drugs. It is a good way for friends to stick together. Drug education and understanding drugs and why they are dangerous is another good step for a teen not to take those prohibited drugs.