Marketing Breakdown and Evaluation for Primark

Marketing Breakdown and Evaluation for Primark According to Hollensen (2007) ,  «Ã‚  global marketing consists of finding and satisfying global customers needs better than the competition, and of coordinating marketing activities within the constraint of the global environment  Ã‚ ». Then, when it come to internationalise , a manager has to think if the capabilities and the resources of the company are sufficient to answer to the need of the consumers in a new market environment. In that essay , it comes to think about: In what way Primarks strategy could correspond to the needs of French customers. In other terms, is there an opportunity to Primark to establish itself in France seeing the French environment. This essay will take in account only the clothing part of Primark and not the home part of Primark seeing the fact that the two markets are singular in an analysis. Irish clothing retailer founded in 1969 under the name of Penneys (still in Ireland) , Primark represented in 2008 3,9% of the global clothing retail value in United Kingdom. (Eurominitor, 2009). With a revenue which have reached 2,314m  £ in 2008, Primark count today 206 stores split among England as a majority with 144 stores ,Ireland Spain, Portugal, Germany , Netherland and more recently in Belgium. (Associated British Food Annual report and account 2009). Source: Primark website, Primark stores in Europe Retail part of the Associated British food group in which it represent in 2009, 25,5% of the entire revenue of the group, Primark enjoy the stability and the power that ABF group bring to the retailer. With a strategy of good quality for cheap price, Primark is after 40 years of experience recognised as a giant in the retail Industry. With a gloomy economic climate which encourage people to look after the opportunity to buy cheaper, some leaders of the French fashion as Zara, Kiabi and HM keep watching close this giant that is surrounding France and that nothing seems to stop. In today competitive market, satisfied the customers are seen as the only source of the firm profits. Well target our market seems to be the key success factors. In Segmented a market, factors such as geography ,demography, Psychographic and behavioural would be relevant to analyse .(Doyle, 2006). Today, Primarks strategy is to propose an entire concept through all these stores.Allowing to realise economy of scale in the production and marketing Primark is able to propose low price. Then, in the target market analysis, it is relevant to analyse if the target market of Primark in UK would be suitable and have an opportunity of growth in France.( because change the target market would bring to much costs for Primark). This table will, through the characteristics of Primarks strategy define the basics of Primarks target market. Primark strategy Target market Men and women clothes lines Women essentially but men Young fashion Under 35 years old Low price : Until 30% less than in HM (lefigaro, 2008) Limited incomes Fashion clothes Fashion conscious Fast moving merchandise New product every 6 week (Business week, 2009) Fashion addict or Heavy users of clothes and footwear always looking for novelty. In 2008, French population from 15 to 35 represented an important part with 38,7% of the total population.(Insee, january 2010) . In terms of clothing consumptions, men consumptions in clothing for the 15-25 is 3,9millliardsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ exactly the same than women. (La lettre à ©conomique, October 2010). Moreover, after gloomy 2009 year with a decrease of the consumption on clothing, 2010 represent the stop of the degradation of the clothing consumption with a tiny increase of O,2%. With a young population in expansion, a target market still buying clothes and a general consumption of clothing which restart, there is an opportunity of growth for Primark in France. Sources If we look at the Internationalisation motives of Hollensen (2007), one of the proactive reason which push a company to internationalize is the managerial urge that he define by a reflection of general entrepreneurial motivation of a desire for continuous growth and market expansions. In the recent year, Primark showed the desire of conquest the western Europe by entering in new country such as recently Belgium. According to Bason John, financial director if AB foods, the performances of our new shops in the Iberian peninsula gives us the impulsion to continue our development in the European continent. (fashion daily news, January 2010). Then, the first motive which could bring Primark in France could be the desire to become an European player of the fashion through it expansion all over Europe. One of the others proactive motives present by Hollensen is a foreign market opportunities and market information. Analytical tool such as PESTLE which allowed to get this information. PESTLE SCHEMA Political: Both part of the European union, UK and France benefit from the common European Union policy which facilitate exchange and trade. However, through state aid and by encouraging mergers between French firms to prevent takeovers by foreign firms, French government act against EU policy and still maintain a kind of protectionism.(datamonitor, 2010). Taxarion in france Politic clothe in france Economic With an increasing unemployment rate and a decreasing consumption the last years, it seems that the crisis could represent an ally for Primark. While an IFOP study about the purchasing power shows that 49% that the under 35years old thinks that their purchasing power has strongly decreased (IFOP,2008), the consumption habits of French goes forward the last opportunity to buy cheaper. As a study of clothing in France explain, the success of the sales periods shows that the sales drop mainly due to purchase power constraints but not as a faction rejection.( Datamonitor,October 2009) With it strategy  «Ã‚  sales price » all the year round, the change in french consumer habbits could represent an opportunity . However, the consumer expenditure on clothing is a lot more higher in UK than in France with an expenditure for 2009 of 37805mnà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ decreasing in comparison with 2008 in France against 40472mn £ in UK ( à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  46542à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) increasing in comparison with 2008 (Euromonitor, 2010). While expenditure in UK continue to growth when it decrease in France , it could make Primark think that the clothing consumption habits between UK and France are different and then could represent a threat to Primark implementation. Finally for the consumption, aaccording to the clothing in France report 2009, by 2013, clothing sales are forecasted to reach 26,980à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬millions, a 2,1 % rise in constant value compared to 2008 which let hope for primark a brigh future.(Datamonitor,2009) In spite of the fact that Primark is an Irish company, from a market research and data point of view it is more relevant to analyse the accessibility of the French market through the comparison with the English implementation which is more important than the irish one (144 shops in England instead of 38 in Ireland ( Primark website) . However, from a financial side , it is more relevant t deal with the Irish headquarter company where the money is going because Ireland is in eurozone. By dealing with Ireland, primark escape the risk of change rates. Social : In France, fashion remind an important part of the culture. Then , according to a study , French people are still attached to the brand and the luxury in the fashion sector and would prefer after use the sales period ( 41%) , buy cheapest brand (33%).(IPSOS,2008). Then, even if that trend does not automatically represent Primark target market (under 35)which can not necessarily afford luxury brand, French culture in the fashion sector could represent a threat for Primark. France has to face to the ageing of it population. Until 2050, 1/3 of the population will be ageing more than 60 years old. (insee, 2006) Whike some of Primarks competitors such as kiaby (which propose a fashion for the whole family), could begin a  «Ã‚  senior marketing  Ã‚ » by proposing clothing for senior, Primark could not enjoy this opportunity risking to break it strategy and positioning and lost it target. In an article about the factors of primarks success, Susan Segal-Horn says The focus part of Primarks strategy is the specific customer segment it focuses (open2,2005).With a clear positioning , Primark answer to a special target marget needs. En tentant de profiter de cette tendance forward the senior marketing. It ageing of population represent an indirect threat for pirmark because it not concern it target but it coulb beneficy to it competitors which could gain a competitive advantage. Technological : In spite of the fact that the technological aspect is not the most relevant in the implementation of Primark in France, it is important to notice that the evolution and increase of the new technology influence the consumers to purchase more technological product to the detriment of others goods such as clothes + references sur ca. In Primarks case ,legal and environmental factors are linked.. According to a study, fashion industry remain one of the most exploitive in the word, both to people and environment (euromonitor, 2009). However, consumers are more and more aware of the environmental aspect of goods. Often critics for this workers conditions, Primark is now part of Ethical Trading initiative which which guarantee the protection of workers and environment. (primark website) textille France report bureau) Porter pour competition analysis in an industry p 106-107 Analysis an environment , it also analysis the competitive environment to be able to gain a competitive advantage. According to Michael porter, competitive strategy must grow out of a sophisticated understanding of the rules of competition that determine an industrys attractiveness. (competitive advantage, 1985). Sources : The five competitive forces that shape strategy by Michael E. Porter , Harvard business review , January 2008 Power of suppliers: Always looking to reduce is costs, primark has got buyers team in UK and Ireland travel internationally to seek out the most competitive suppliers. Then primark has got a lot of small suppliers instead of a big one which made the power of suppliers really low. Cf citation pour dire que voyage partout. Threat of new entrants : Low because of the hogh costs set up et high competition. Power of buyer: As there are multiplayers in the markets and now customers are more sensitive towards the price so they visit every shop and they make decision and the switching cost is also not to high Substitutes product: High because others company are offering similar product with low price and now it is very easy to customer to switch from one product to other as ther have become more choosey. Rivalry: To get a well understanding of the opportunity that primark has in France, a SWOT analysis will be helphul Strengh weakness Opportunity Threats Conclusion sur competition : france competitive mais uk aussi et primark se demarque. CCL PARTIE ANALYSE: ACCESSIBILITY DU MARCHE cf p 247 Laccessibilità © du marchà © francais pour primak est donc bonne bien que representatn un challenge. According to clothing in France report,  «Ã‚   In terms of market share, the leader have the ability to adapt quickly to market demand by offering many different collection => Primark Representing in 2010 0,7% of the global brand share in the retailing sector in UK (euromonitor international, 2010)

The Stress Encountered by a Police Officers

There has been a lot of research on the negative effects of stress on people in general. I am sure you know that police work is one of the top rated professions for job stress next to air traffic controllers and dentists. A good way to start this presentation, I think, is to give a good working definition of police stress. Here it is: The feeling and desire along with the ensuing bodily effects, experienced by a person who has a strong and true longing to choke the living crap out of someone who desperately deserves it, but you can't. Now, while this may sound funny there is a real element of truth to it. An element of truth that says an awful lot about police work. And that is the part of the definition â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦but you can't†. Police work, by it's very nature, calls for an incredible amount of restraint. Continual restraint and draining restraint. It is stressful. The demands on police officers to show even greater restraint have been increasing over the years, and so has the effects of stress on police work. With the recent attention that police suicide has received in the media there have been a number of reviews on it. Between 1934 and 1960 police suicide rates were half that of the general population. Between 1980 to the present, suicide rates in some departments almost doubled. What is the difference? You can't choke them anymore! Street justice is all but gone. Everyone has video cameras. The media gets off on putting down cops. Politicians continue to throw new laws and restrictions for police officers that further tie their hands, and you can't choke anyone with your hands tied! So you start to feel that you're choking yourself. Lets take a quick overview of police work and look at the research of what the biggest stressors are:  · Killing someone in the line of duty.  · Having your partner killed in the line of duty.  · Lack of support by the department/bosses.  · Shift work and disruption of family time/family rituals.  · The daily grind of dealing with the stupidity of the public. Interestingly, physical danger is ranked low on the list of stressors by police officers. One of the worst effects of stress on police officers is of course suicide. We are becoming too familiar with police suicide, especially with the attention the media has given New York City. Twice as many police officers die by their own hand as do in the line of duty. (New York Times, 1994) A study of 2376 Buffalo NY police officers found that, compared to the white male population police officers, there were higher mortality rates for cancer, suicide, and heart disease. The suggested reason: Higher stress levels. Every study done points to the higher levels of stress police officers face, but what form does that stress take? With suicide there seem to be four factors: 1. Divorce. 2. Alcohol, not alcoholism. That was one of the early theories. But in actuality it was the use of alcohol right before the act to â€Å"get up the nerve†. 3. Depression. 4. A failure to get help. (Most officers who commit suicide have no history of having sought counseling). All four factors are symptoms that can come from an officer's stress levels. Police suicide is more directly related to relationship problems than to job stress. Of the last 14 suicides among the police officers in New York City, 12, or 86%, had to do with divorce or relationship breakup. Suicide is often an impulsive act, and the handgun at the officer's side is guaranteed to be lethal in the hands of an experienced shooter. UB professor, John M. Violanti, Ph.D thinks the biggest reason for the high rate of police suicide is because officers think they have nowhere to go for confidential help when personal problems or job stress overwhelms them. â€Å"Police officers are more hesitant than the average citizen to get help for emotional problems. Because of their role, they mistrust many things, and they especially mistrust mental health professionals,† Violanti said. â€Å"Departments should include some sort of suicide awareness training in their stress management program.† Police officers going through a divorce are 5 times more likely to commit suicide than that of an officer in a stable marriage. Relationship problems however, are highly related to job stress. If we consider that officers have an important relationship with their department, we can examine the effect of that relationship gone bad. Officers who get in serious trouble on the job, suspended or facing termination, are 7 times more likely to commit suicide. (Apparently cops like their jobs better than their wives). So we see that stress has an enormous effect on police officers lives, especially their home lives. Studies have called police work a â€Å"high risk lifestyle†. Not high risk in terms of the physical dangers of the job, but a high risk in terms of developing attitudinal problems, behavioral problems, and intimacy and relationship problems. So you learn something about the effects of police work. You learn if you ask the average cop â€Å"Hey, what's been the scariest experience during your police career?† They will answer â€Å"My first marriage!† The national divorce rate is 50%. All research shows police suffer a substantially higher divorce rate with estimates ranging from 60 to 75%. One of the casualties of police work is often the marriage. Although law enforcement officers deal with stressful situations in the normal course of their duties, excessive stress on individual officers may cause them not to carry out their responsibilities. In order to keep law enforcement organizations at 100%, administrators must be able to identify the causes of dysfunctional stress on individual officers. Much of the articles we find today on the causes of law enforcement stress, focus primarily on the factors that are personal to the individual officer. However, other researchers suggest that an officer's ability to live with this stress is hindered by the structure and operation of the organization within which he or she works. â€Å"Police stress† is considered by many to be an important societal problem (Cullen, et al., 1985), and police work is thought of as stressful (Kelling and Pate, 1975). Law enforcement officers must be aware of the dangers of psychological stress. Stress is the result of â€Å"demands placed on the system† and need not be harmful unless it is â€Å"mismanaged† or â€Å"present in large quantities.† However, some analysts say that occupational and life stress can cause mental and even physical problems. For example, one study of 2,300 officers in twenty-nine different police departments reported that thirty-six percent of the officers had serious marital problems, twenty-three percent had serious alcohol problems, twenty percent had serious problems with their children, and ten percent had drug problems. (Kendrix, 1989) Yet, police were well below the average in seeking [medical and] mental treatment. The â€Å"macho† image of a police officer may well keep a police officer from seeking such treatment. Law enforcement officers have significantly higher rates of health problems, premature deaths, suicides and general hospital admissions than other occupations (Richard and Fell, 1975). Law enforcement stress has been categorized into three sections. These are: 1) stress that is internal to the law enforcement system; 2) stress that is in the law enforcement job itself; and 3) stress that is external to law enforcement. Stress internal to the job may be found when police and correctional officers find themselves with conflicting roles. Police spend much of their time in activities not directly related to law enforcement functions, while correction officers are placed in both the role of providing â€Å"custody [and] treatment.† Law enforcement officers can develop personal conflicts by being placed in the position of having to choose between one or more contradictory goals. Such contradictions include the loyalty to fellow officers and honesty within the department. Post Traumatic Stress is a type of stress encountered at incidents that are, or perceived as, capable of causing serious injury or death. The person encountering the stress does not have to be the one whose life is threatened. This stress can also occur to witnesses. By it's nature, Post Traumatic Stress is one of the worst types of stress a person can encounter. It is stress of a nature that is threatening to a person's survival. The psychological and physical reactions of our mind and body to Post Traumatic Stress are at the extremes. Examples of life threatening traumas that can cause Post Traumatic Stress, in their general order of severity, include: natural disasters, serious accidents, serious accidents where a person is at fault, intentional life threatening violence by another person, life threatening trauma caused by betrayal by a trusted individual, and life threatening trauma caused by betrayal by someone you depend on for survival. Police officers, by the nature of their jobs, can be exposed to more stress and trauma in one day than many people will experience in a considerable period of time, maybe even their entire life. Some police officers thrive on stress. They seek out incidents that most people would not care to encounter in their lifetime. Many people seek out a job in police work for this challenge and the personal rewards it provides. Overcoming stress of great magnitude can provide great personal rewards, but these jobs can and do ruin many lives. Dr. George Everly, a noted researcher on emergency services stress, estimates that at any given time15-32% of all emergency responders will be dealing with a reaction to Post Traumatic Stress, and there is a 30-64% chance that they will have a reaction to it during their lifetime. For law enforcement working in urban areas, 20-30% of the officers will develop a reaction to Post Trauma Stress during their lifetimes. These figures are higher than the percentages for the general population (1-3%), urban adolescents (9-15%), and, surprisingly, Vietnam Veterans (15-20%). For a variety of reasons, some of which are not known, many police officers work through Post Traumatic Stress and its affects. The impact of Post Traumatic Stress on their lives is short-lived (if they suffer from it at all). In the Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), this is defined as Acute Stress Disorder. It lasts more than two days, but no longer than 4 weeks. There are those, however, that will not be able to cope with the Post Traumatic Stress they have encountered. They may have handled many traumatic incidents without a problem, until one happens that breaks through their ability to cope. These officers will develop what is known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is Acute Stress Disorder that lasts more than 4 weeks. In their book on â€Å"Emergency Services Stress†, Dr. Jeff Mitchell and Dr. Grady Bray estimate that without proper Post Trauma Stress training, response, and follow-up, roughly 4% of all emergency workers will develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. These figures do not include those who will develop a reaction to accumulative stress, which can have affects similar to, and additive to, Post Traumatic Stress. They also do not include police officers who grew up in an urban environment and are Vietnam Veterans, of which there are more than a few. These figures also do not separate out those working patrol or traffic duties from those working specialty assignments (narcotics, vice, metro teams) from those working investigative or â€Å"inside† jobs. Uniformed assignments and certain specialty assignments place officers in positions that they will be more likely to encounter traumatic stress.

Natural Selection for the Birds Lab Report Essay

Purpose: To determine which birds with which beaks survive best in their environment depending on the type of food available. Question: What is the effect of the type of food available on the frequency of different types of bird beaks? Hypothesis: If the food type changes in the environment, then the amount of each type of bird beaks will change because birds with beaks more suited to the available food will be more successful over time. Variables: The independent variable of the lab is the type of food that is available to the birds. The dependent variable of the lab is the frequency of each type-size and shape-of beaks. Materials: 100 sunflower seeds 100 raisins 100 grains of rice 2 forks 2 spoons 2 knives Plastic cup Procedure: 1. Gather around the edge of the table cloth, mixing the three groups fairly evenly. 2. Pick up food pieces only with your tool, using the pair of utensils in one hand, simulating the action of a beak. 3. Pick up one piece  of food at a time, and put it in your cup (â€Å"stomach†) before picking another piece of food. 4. Keep your body off the table cloth and pick up food only within your reach. 5. Start only when the teacher says â€Å"Go† and finish when all food has been â€Å"eaten.† Data—Environment with Equal Amounts of Insects, Seeds, and Fruit Second Generation Flock X Flock Y Flock Z Insects Eaten 35 32 33 Seeds Eaten 34 46 20 Fruit Eaten 78 15 7 Total 147 93 60 Percentage 49% 31% 20% Simulated Number of Birds in Flock for 3rd Generation 15 9 6 Data—Changed Environment with Equal Amounts of Insects and Seeds but No Fruit. First Generation Flock X Flock Y Flock Z Insects Eaten 30 60 60 Seeds Eaten 27 93 30 Total 57 153 90 Percent 19% 51% 30% Simulated Number of Birds in Flock for 2nd Generation 6 15 9 Second Generation Flock X Flock Y Flock Z Insects Eaten 15 100 44 Seeds Eaten 17 80 44 Total 32 180 88 Percent 11% 60% 29% Simulated Number of Birds in Flock for 3rd Generation 3 18 9 Analysis: Based on the data in the first table flock X consumes mostly fruit. When fruit was taken away there was a decrease in the number of birds that flock X contained. Flock Y consumes mostly seeds. There was no effect on flock Y when fruit was removed. Due to the fact that flock Z eats mostly insects, the flock was not affected by the removal of fruit. Conclusion: In this lab I learned about how favorable traits are important when nature selects what organism will survive and pass down its genes for the next generation to inherit, I also learned that most species learn to adapt to their environments so that they can have a favorable trait to be able to survive in their environment. I was able to observe that in the wilderness you need that favorable trait so that you are able to reproduce and pass down your genotypes for the next generation of you species to inherit. I  gained useful skills such as how to determine the next generation’s population by analyzing results from experiments I conducted relating to the bird populations

The Ethical Dilemma Of Grand Nursing Theories - 1577 Words

Grand nursing theories are global in their application to nursing and have been instrumental in developing the science of nursing (McEwen Wills, 2014). Grand nursing theories are abstract and can be applied to many different situations. Because grand nursing theories are broad they can be applied to ethical dilemmas that occur in nursing practice. Ethical dilemmas are a part of the healthcare field and it is important to know how to navigate through the murky waters that dilemmas can present. Nursing theories are a road map that allows nurses and healthcare workers to find the best option to resolve a problem. One of the theories developed was by Virginia Henderson and called the theory of need and is still being applied to nursing†¦show more content†¦The patient’s son accused the nursing staff of mistreating his mother by administering pain medications to frequently which was causing his mother to be overly sedated and would not allow administration of pain medicat ion without his approval first. The son was refusing to accept his mother’s condition and assumed his mother would make a miraculous recovery, he was always coming to the hospital in the middle of the night drunk. Because the nursing staff was distressed over the son’s refusal to accept his mother’s condition, an ethics meeting was convened to decide what was ethically appropriate for the patient. After the meeting, the patient was changed to comfort care and nursing staff was allowed to administer medications as necessary to keep the patient comfortable. The nursing staff updated the son twice a day on his mother’s condition and the patient soon passed away with her son at the bedside. Grand Nursing Theory There are many grand nursing theories that could be applied to this ethical dilemma. However, Virginia Henderson recognized death as an option when treatment is no longer an option. Virginia Henderson developed the theory of need. The theory of need defines nursing as â€Å"assist[ing] the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities that will contribute to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that the person would perform unaided given the necessary strength, will, or knowledge† (Henderson, 1997, p. 22). â€Å"She described theShow MoreRelatedApplying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - 1 Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS IN PRACTICE Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Grand Canyon University NRS 437 V May 9, 2012 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Patient confidentiality is part of the Nursing Code of Ethics and it is a nurses’ duty to uphold confidentiality of patient information (American Nurses Association, 2012). 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